C5 - Work Equipment Flashcards
Hierarchy of controls for work equipment
- Remove all risk by design
- Use fixed enclosed guards
- Use other guards (interlock, removable etc)
- Use protection devices (light curtain)
- Use Protection devices (ie push sticks)
- Information, instruction, training and supervision
- PPE
What are the three elements of the risk control strategy under PUWER
- Eliminate risk by design
- Employ hard wear (physical)
- guards
- Protection devices
- Markings/ warnings
- control systems ie Estop
- PPE
- Employ software measures
- following SSoW
- maintenance only when shutdown
- Provision of information, instruction and training
Basics for layout and operation of controls and emergency controls
- Be visible
- Marked
- Positioned for safe operation
- Movement of control be consistent with desired effect
- Located outside the danger zone
- Positioned as to not pose additional risk
- Designed to prevent unintended operation
- made to with stand foreseeable strain (esp em controls)
- Fitted with dials if required
- Start of mc can only be by means of control
- Stopping device fitted
- EM stop takes priority over all other controls
- Failure should not lead to danger
- Interactive software must be user friendly
Location and layout of controls
- Minimise number of controls
- Arrange to encourage a range of postures for ops
- Arrange in a sequence of operation in an arc and representative of operation
- Power assist where force required (ie brake)
- Clear distinction between normal and EM controls
- Consistent grouping of displays and controls
- Prevent accidental operation
- Keep control next to indicator
- Have switches op in same way (up off etc)
- Have banks of dials operate in same direction
- colour code dial faces
PUWER RA employer must ensure work equipment is
- Suitable for its intended use
- Safe for use, maintained in a safe condition and in certain circumstances inspected to ensure this remains the case
- Used only by people with adequate information, instruction and training
- Accompanied by suitable safety measures
Typical causes of material failure
- Ductile failure
- Fatigue
- Brittle
- Buckling
- Corrosive
Types of NDT
- Dye penetrant
- Acoustic emissions
- Ultra sound
- Radiography
- Eddy current
- Magnetic particle
- Thermal imagining
Work equipment requiring specific training
- Self propelled work equipment
- Chainsaw
- Wood working machine
- Power press
- Abrasive wheels
Definition of a pressure system
A system comprising of one or more rigid pressure vessels and associated pipe works
Pipe work with protective devices which transports to or from a pressure vessel
The pressure systems safety regs PSSR requires
- Have established safe operating limits for the system
- Have a written scheme of examination
- Maintain the system
- Have operating instructions and ensure the system is operated in accordance with them
Design and construction of pressure systems should consider
- Expected working life of the system
- Properties of the contained substance on the system
- Extreme conditions the system will be under ie start-up, faults, shutdowns etc
- Need for system examination to ensure integrity for life of system
- Forceable changes to design conditions
- Conditions for standby operations
- Protection against system failure
- External forces that may be exerted on system
- Safe access for operation, maintenance and examination
Information and markings on a pressure system/ vessel
- Manufacturers name
- Serial no
- Date of manufacture
- Standards to which vessel was built
- Minimum and maximum pressures allowed
- Design temperature
- Safe operating limits
Characteristics of and factors that promote Brittle fractures
Brittle fractures are sudden without warning or evidence of prior stress
The fractures are typically as a result of sudden stress loading, the fractured device has little maliability or elasticity and as such snaps with a load crack. The fracture originates from one point and cracks emanate from that point.
Material along fracture point has a crystal like appearance
Aggravating factors are extreme cold/ low temperatures, case hardening and the degree of brittleness of each individual material
Characteristics of and factors that promote Ductile fractures
Ductile fractures occurs at the point where the yield stress of the material has been exceeded
Factors are hot working, cold hardening (work hardening), and plasticity of the materials
