c5 rates of reactions Flashcards
how can the rate of a chemical reaction be measured?
quantity of product (or reactant used) // time taken
what is the rate of a chemical reaction?
how fast the reactants are changed into products
what are some examples of slow reactions?
1) iron rusting
2) chemical weathering, eg acid rain damage to limestone buildings
what is an example of a moderate speed reaction?
magnesium reacting with an acid to produce a gentle stream of bubbles
what are examples of fast reactions?
1) burning
2) explosions
what does the steepness of a line in rate of reaction graph represent?
the rate of the reaction
what do flat lines show in a rate of reaction graph represent?
they show that the reaction has finished
how can you find the rate of a reaction between two points?
work out the overall change in y (which is the product formed) divided by change in x (which is the time taken)
how can you find the rate of a reaction at a particular point?
1) draw a tangent that touches the curve at one point but doesnt cross it.
2) find the gradient of that tangent by picking 2 points which are easy to read and calculate the gradient of that tangent ( using change in y // change in x)
what are some of the factors that affect the rate of a reaction?
- temperature
- pressure (of gas)
- concentration (of solution)
- catalyst
- surface area
what does the collision theory state?
1) the rate of reaction is dependent on:
- the collision frequency of the reaction. the more collisions there are, the faster the reaction is.
- the energy transferred during a collision. particles have to collide with enough energy for the collision to be successful
how does increasing the temperature in a reaction affect the rate of a reaction?
- INCREASES RATE-
1) when the temperature increases, the particles have more kinetic energy, which means they move faster.
2) if they’re moving faster, they’re going to collide more frequently.
3) furthermore, if they have more energy, then more of the collisions will have enough energy to make the reaction happen
how does increasing the concentration or pressure affect the rate of reaction?
- INCREASES RATE-
1) if the solution is made more concentrated, it means that there are more particles knocking about in the same volume of the solvent.
2) similarly, when the pressure of gas is increased, it means that the same number of particles occupies a smaller space.
3) this all makes collisions between the reactant particles more frequent.
how to increase pressure?
make the container containing the gas smaller
how does increasing the surface area affect the rate of reaction?
- INCREASES RATE-
1) if one of the reactants are a solid, breaking it up will increase its surface area to volume ratio.
2) this means that for the same volume of the solid, the particles around it will have more area to work on- so there will be collisions more frequently