C5- Electrons and Bonding

Question 1

Ionic Bonding

Answer 1

The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 2

Covalent Bonding

Answer 2

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of bonded atoms

Question 3

Covalent “outer shells”

Answer 3

The same electron structure as the nearest noble gas

Question 4

Covalent- Boron

Answer 4

Can only form 3 covalent bonds
–> BF3 has 6 electrons in its outermost shell

Question 5

Double covalent bond

Answer 5

Attraction between two shared pairs of electrons and the nuclei of bonding atoms

Question 6

Triple covalent bond

Answer 6

electrostatic attraction is between three shared pairs of electrons and nuclei of bonding atoms

Question 7

Dative covalent bond

(how to draw)

Answer 7

—->

Pointing from the atom which provided the pair of electrons

Question 8

Ionic bonding

Solubility

Answer 8

• Dissolve in polar solvents
  . break down lattice
  . Surround each ion in solution

Greater charges= Less soluble
–> solubility depends on strength of attraction between lattice and water

Question 9

Covalent

Localised attraction

Answer 9

Acting solely between shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of two bonded atoms
–> Results in molecules

Question 10

Ionic Bonding

High mp

Answer 10

High temperatures needed to provide large quantities of energy needed to overcome the strong electrostatic forces of attraction

MP higher for lattices with ions of greater charges

Question 11

3 exceptions in covalent bonding

Answer 11

Phosphorus

Sulfur

Chlorine

Question 12

Ionic bonding

Conductive

Answer 12

Only when liquid or dissolved in water

solid ionic lattice breaks down

Ions now free to move as mobile charge carriers

Question 13

Dative covalent / Coordinate bond

Answer 13

Shared Pair of electrons had been supplied by one of the bonding atoms only

Was originally a lone pair

Question 14

“Shell Number”

Answer 14

Principle quantum number
–> n

energy level

Question 15

Number of electrons in an energy shell

Answer 15

2n^2

Question 16

Subshell

Answer 16

Orbitals of the same type are grouped together within each shell

Question 17

Subshells

4

Answer 17

S 2 Electrons

P 6 Electrons

D 10 Electrons

F 14 Electrons

Question 18

Which subshells in which shells

Answer 18

Use periodic table

1 S 2e
2 S P 8e
3 S P D 18e
4 S P D F 32e

Question 19

Orbitals

Answer 19

Region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spin

Question 20

S Orbital

Answer 20

Spherical shape

electrons can exist anywhere within this sphere

Question 21

P orbitals

Answer 21

Dumbbell shape

P for pringle

Every shell form n=2 has 3 P orbitals

Question 22

Sitting on the bus rule

Answer 22

electrons would rather occupy their own orbital before doubling up

Question 23

Opposite spin

Answer 23

Electrons are negatively charged, so repel one and other within the orbital

Question 24

Orbitals

Fill

Answer 24

Orbitals fill in order of increasing energy

3rd shell overlaps with 4th

Question 25

Electron configuration

exceptions

Answer 25

Copper ( and column)
3d5 4s1

Chromium ( and column)
3d10 4s1

Question 26

Electron Configuration

Transition elements

Answer 26

4s subshell both fills and empties before 3d subshell