C11- Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Functional group

Explain what is is

Answer 1

The part of an organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties

Question 2

Homologous series

Answer 2

Group of chemical compounds, with a trend in viscosity/ flammability where each subsequent member varies with addition of CH2 of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons

Question 3

Aliphatic

Answer 3

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched chains

Question 4

Alicyclic

Answer 4

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in a ring ( cyclic0 structure, with or without branches

Question 5

Aromatic

Answer 5

Some or all of the carbon atom s are found in a benzene ring

Question 6

General formula

Answer 6

Simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series

Question 7

Molecular formula

Vs

Empirical formula

Answer 7

Molecular-
Number and type of atoms present in a molecule

Empirical-
Simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element present in a compound

Question 8

Displayed formula

Answer 8

Relative position of all atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them

Question 9

Structural formula

Answer 9

Smallest amount of detail necessary to show arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Question 10

Structural isomers

Answer 10

Compounds with same molecular but a different structural formula

Question 11

Isomer of an alkene

alternative

Answer 11

Cycloalkane

C5H10= pentene and cyclopentane

Question 12

Functional groups

Carboxylic acid

Answer 12

COOH

Suffix= -oic acid

On the END of a chain

OH
  I C=O

Question 13

Functional groups

Alkene

Answer 13

C=C

Suffix= -ene

Anywhere along the carbon chain

Question 14

Functional group

Aldehyde

Answer 14

-CHO

Suffix= -al

END of chain

Question 15

Functional group

Alcohol

Answer 15

-OH

Prefix= Hydroxy-
Used only when the suffix of a compound has been used to
represent another functional group

Suffix= ol (default)

Question 15

Functional group

Ketone

Answer 15

-C=O

In the MIDDLE of the carbon chain

suffix= one
dione

Question 16

Functional group

haloalkane

Answer 16

-CL -Br -I

Prefix= Chloro, bromo, Iodo

Question 17

Chain isomerism

Answer 17

Different carbon chains

Question 18

Positional isomerism

Answer 18

Functional groups in different positions

Question 19

Functional group isomerism

Answer 19

The same chemical formula but different functional groups

Tends to be alcohol then ether

Question 20

Why can carbon form a large number of compounds?

3

Answer 20

Forms single, double and triple bonds to other carbon atoms

Carbon can form chains of carbon atoms

Carbon forms bonds to other atoms such as oxygen or nitrogen

Question 21

Naming aliphatic alkanes

Answer 21

1 All alkanes have the suffix -ane

2 Identify and name longest carbon chain

3 Identify side chains attached to parent chain (alkyl groups).
–> add these as a prefix to the parent chain

4 Add numbers before alkyl groups to show their position on the parent chain

Question 22

Naming alicyclic Alkanes

Answer 22

1 Identify and name longest chain

2 Add prefix cylco

Question 23

IUPAC naming system

Answer 23

Root word= number of carbon atoms in the longest carbon chain

Prefix e.g. cyclo

Suffix = main functional group

Question 24

Naming compounds containing functional groups

Answer 24

1 Identify longest unbranched chains of carbon atoms

2 Identify any functional groups and alkyl side chains, select the appropriate suffixes and prefixes

3 Number Alkyl and functional groups to indicate their position on the parent chain

Question 25

Nucleophile

Answer 25

an atom or a group of atoms that donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond

Question 26

Electrophile

Answer 26

An atom or group of atoms that accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond

Question 27

What is the mechanism of a reaction

Answer 27

A model organic chemists use to represent the movement of electrons as reactants to form a new product

Question 28

Mechanism

Curly arrow

Answer 28

Used to show the movement of a pair o0f electrons

Question 29

Heterolytic fission

Answer 29

Bond breaks unevenly

One atom gets both e- form the bond

Forming ions

Question 30

Homolytic fission

Answer 30

Bond breaks unevenly

Each atom gets one electron from the bond

Forms radicals

Question 31

Addition reaction

Answer 31

Two reactants join together to form one product

Question 32

Substitution reaction

Answer 32

An atom or group of atoms is replaced by an atom or a different group of atoms

Question 33

Elimination reaction

Answer 33

Removal of a small molecule form a larger one

One reactant molecule forms two products