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AQA GCSE Chemistry > C5 - Chemical Change > Flashcards

C5 - Chemical Change Flashcards

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1
Q

general equations for creating salts

A

acid + base → salt + water
acid + metal → salt + hydrogen
acid + metal oxide → salt + water
acid + carbonate → salt + carbon dioxide + water

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2
Q

what is the mnemonic device used to remember the reactivity series?

A

People Say Little Children Make A Zebra Ill Constantly Sniffing Giraffes

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3
Q

list the elements in the reactivity series

A

Potassium K
Sodium Na
Lithium Li
Calcium Ca
Magnesium Mg
Aluminum Al
Zinc Zn
Iron Fe
Copper Cu
Silver Ag
Gold Au

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4
Q

define oxidisation

A

the loss off electrons or the gain of oxygen

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5
Q

define reduction

A

the gain of electrons or the loss of oxygen

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6
Q

define half equation

A

a chemical equation showing electrons and ions

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7
Q

define displacement

A

where a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound

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8
Q

define ore

A

how a metal is found in the earth when it is bonded with another element - usually oxygen

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9
Q

What are the 2 ways of extracting a metal from its ore?

A
  1. with a displacement reaction using carbon, when the metal is less reactive than carbon
  2. using electrolysis, when the metal is more reactive than carbon
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10
Q

What are hydrochloric acid salts named?

HCl

A

chlorides

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11
Q

What are sulfuric acid salts named?

H2SO4

A

sulfates

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12
Q

What are nitric acid salts named?

HNO3

A

nitrates

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13
Q

define base

A

a compound that reacts with an acid to form a salt

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14
Q

define alkali

A

a hydroxide (OH-) which is a soluble base

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15
Q

list the properties of acids

A
  • pH lower than 7
  • a compound with hydrogen
  • they neutralise bases to form salts
  • dissolve in water to form hydrogen ions
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16
Q

give an example of a weak acid

A
  • citric acid
  • ethanoic acid
17
Q

give an example of a strong acid

A
  • hydrochloric acid
  • sulfuric acid
  • nitric acid
18
Q

list the properties of bases and alkalis

A
  • pH higher than 7
  • they neutralise acids
  • alkalis dissolve in water to form hydroxide ions
  • alkalis are soluble bases
19
Q

give an example of a weak alkali

A

ammonium hydroxide

20
Q

give an example of a strong alkali

A
  • sodium hydroxide
  • potassium hydroxide
21
Q

what makes acids and alkalis strong

A

they can fully disassociate/ionise in water

AQA GCSE Chemistry (6 decks)

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