C15 - Using our Resources Flashcards
word equation
rusting
iron + oxygen + water → hydrated iron oxide
define
corrosion
destruction of materials by chemical reactions with substances in the environment
describe:
showing rusting
RP
In test tube, iron nail, stopper:
1. water + oxygen = rust
2. boiled water + oil = no rust
3. drying agent = no rust
list 3
barrier methods to prevent iron rusting
- painting
- oil
- electrolysis - cover with thin layer of other metal
define:
sacrifical protection method
using another more reactive metal to prevent iron from rusting
name and describe:
a sacrifical protection method
galvanising - coating iron with a layer of zinc
name:
elements in alloys:
1. bronze
2. brass
3. gold (jewelry)
4. steel
5. stainless steel
- copper, tin
- copper, zinc
- gold, silver, copper, zinc
- iron, carbon
- iron, chromium, nickel
name:
2 properties of:
1. low carbon steel
2. high carbon steel
3. stainless steel
- soft + malleable
- strong + brittle
- hard + corrosion resistant
name:
1 use of:
1. low carbon steel
2. high carbon steel
3. stainless steel
- car body
- drill bits
- cutlery
word equation:
Haber Process
nitrogen + hydrogen ⇌ ammonia
name:
sources of hydrogen and nitrogen
in the Haber Process
N2 - air
H2 - methane (CH4)
describe:
Haber Process
- H2 and N2 into reactor
- conditions: 200 atmospheres, 450°C, iron catalyst
- passed into a cooling tank to make liquid ammonia
- unreacted H2 and N2 are recycled
chemical formula:
ammonia
NH3
define:
acronym NPK
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium
How do plants use each substance in NPK fertilisers?
N: amino acids - proteins - growth
K: enzymes - respiration + photosynthesis
P: phosphates - DNA
name:
the acid that ammonia can be converted into
nitric acid
list:
3 word equations for different ammonium salts
- ammonia + nitric acid → ammonium nitrate
- ammonia + phosphoric acid → ammonium phosphate
- ammonia + sulfuric acid → ammonium sulfate
formula:
ammonium ion
NH4+
name:
2 fertilisers from raw materials
- potassium chloride
- potassium sulfate
name:
products of phosphate rock treated with nitric acid
calcium nitrate and phosphoric acid
name:
products of phosphate rock treated with phosphoric acid
single superphosphate (calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate)
name:
products of phosphate rock treated with sulfuric acid
triple superphosphate (calcium phosphate)
define:
thermosoftening polymers
melt when heated
define:
thermosetting polymers
do not melt when heated - they char and burn
structural difference between thermosoftening and thermosetting polymers
thermosetting has chain links, thermosoftening doesn’t
LDPE structure
polymers with branches, so arranged in a random order
HDPE structure
less branches on polymers, so molecules line up closely
list 2:
LDPE properties
- flexible
- unreactive (corrosion resistance)
list 2:
HDPE properties
- less flexible
- high tensile strength
- high chemical resistance
- high impact resistance
define composite
made from two or more materials with different properties
Name the 2 parts of a composite material
- matrix - binds the other material together
- reinforcement - materials that make up the bulk of the composite embedded in the matrix
1 example of a composite and it’s make up
- wood - cellulose reinforcement in lignin matrix
- reinforced concrete - steel reinforcement in concrete matrix
