C5 ACIDS AND BASES Flashcards
Arrhenius acid
An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+
) when dissolved in water.
Arrhenius base
A base is a substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH–
) when dissolved in water.
neutralization (Arrhenius)
The reaction where an acid and a base form a salt and water.
bronsted acid
An acid is a proton (H+
ion) donor.
bronsted base
A base is a proton (H+
ion) acceptor.
Neutralistation (bronsted)
Neutralisation is the proton transfer from an acid to a base to form the respective conjugate base and conjugate acid.
strong acid
A strong acid is an acid that ionises completely in water to form a high concentration
of H3O+
ions.
weak acid
A weak acid is an acid that ionise incompletely/partially in water to form a low
concentration of H3O+
ions.
strong base
Strong bases dissociate completely in water to form a high concentration of OH–
ions.
weak base
Weak bases dissociate/ionise incompletely/partially in water to form a low
concentration of OH–
ions.
concentrated acid
A concentrated acid contains a large amount (number of moles) of acid in proportion
to the volume of water.
concentrated base
A concentrated base contains a large amount (number of moles) of base in proportion
to the volume of water.
dilute acid
Dilute acids contain a small amount (number of moles) of acid in proportion to the
volume of water.
dilute base
Dilute bases contain a small amount (number of moles) of base in proportion to the
volume of water.
ampholyte
It is a substance that can act as either an acid or a base.
Amphoprotic
A substance is amphiprotic when it can act as either an acid or a base, in other
words, it can donate or accept a proton.
hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is the reaction of a salt with water.
equivalence point
The equivalence point of a titration is the point at which the acid and the base has
completely reacted with each other.
endpoint
The endpoint of a titration is the point where the indicator changes colour.
pH scale
The pH scale is a scale of numbers from 0 to 14 used to express the acidity or
alkalinity of a solution.
auto-ionisation
The auto-ionisation of water is the reaction of water with itself to form H3O+
ions and
OH–
ions.
