C4 Tests Flashcards
Fluorine chlorine bromine iodine
Halogen exist at room temp
Fluorine is pale yellow gas
Chlorine is a green gas
Bromine orange brown liquid that vaporises easily
Iodine is purple black crystaline solid that sublimes to give a purple vapour
Group 1 alkali
Why react more lower you go
- have same chemical properties because all have on electron outside
- thus easier it is to lose this electron, more reactive they are
- Lowe thou go it gets easier as they have more shells, meaning distance between nucleus and outer electron is more (atom gets larger) , so electron less strongly attached to nucleus as force of attraction weakens and LESS energy needed to remove it
- electron more readily lost / eaisky lost
Trends of group 1 metal
3
Sodium density?
(Higher then expected)
Properties of group 1
4
Go down = - more react - density increase (sodium bit more ) - melting/boiling decrease
2)
- low boiling compared it other metal
- soft (easy cut and shiny )
- low density
- other typical properties of metal like electrocuted
What will relation fo alkali and water do
Universal,?
Produce hydroxide and hydrogen
Hydgrien msy burn
Hydroxide turns universal indicator blue as ALKALINE SOLUTION
Group 1 gets more violent how?
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
React with water
Lithium fizzes steadily and slowly reacts
Sodium melts to form silvery ball, quickly react (melt)
Potassium immediately ignited, Bruns lilac
Trends of group 7 halides
3
Properties
2
Go down
- melting boiling increase
- density increas like group 1
- reactivity decrease
2)
- typical of non metals: brittle and not conduct electricity
- diatomic covalent
Why group 7 lose reactivity les more down you go
Why called halogens, what halos
Group 7 all haveb7 electrons in outer shell
- easier it is to gain extra electron the more reactive- l
- lower down you go the bigger atom gets because more shells thus strength of starvation between nucleus snd electron gets weaker, and so harder it attracts an electron to fill shell= less relative
Halogens caked halogen becaus they react with a metal to form a salt , particularly the alkali.
Halos means salt
Halogen displacement , also what other reacting ARE THEY
How can you carry out practical to determine reactivity of halogens
What halos
Higher halogens displace lower reactive halogen from halide.
2) REDOX
3) - halide compound with group 7 and other metal
Use them to find order of reactivity for them
1) spotting tile where reacting chlorine water with all three halide (potassium chloride, bromide iodide) . Note observations and repeat for other solutions of BROMINE water and IODINE water
2) in table you see chlorine displace iodine and bromine, bromine displace iodine snd iodine nothing = shows you reactivity series
Halide is compound
Summary
1) spotting tile , put halide salt solution and then react halide with halogen solution.
2) colour change= displacement happened, record snd repeat with others
Potassium everything X halogen
Trends in noble gas?
3
Properties of noble
3 (mono)
Go down =
- attractive force stronger
- thus boiling increase
- density increase
2)
- monosyomic (one atom),
- weak forces of attraction between them which easily ivercome so LOW BOILING POINT (gases have them anyways)
- gas have low density so low density (same mass less volume )
Why noble gas not reactive
How to predict next temp
Why not inert
Full outer shell do no tendency to lose or gain electron (so not flammable too)
Find gaps and then average gap and then add
Still can react
Transition metals
Physical vs Akamai
Chemical (3)
What are they good
Have more than one ion and less reactive than other metals
Typical = shiny cut, conduct electricity, malleable, string, dense
Compared without alkali = more dense + boiling , hard , less reactive
2) Iron reacts with water to make rust (iron three oxide)
Gold platinum don’t
- colourful compounds Ionic
3) GOOD CATALYSTS
Elements trend summary?
All alkali 7 and 8 density + boiling increase, but alkali melting and boiling decrease lower you go
Reactivity series tests
- what can a metal rests with water and acid only when?
What is a displacement reaction also
How to carry out displacement (2 ways)
1) can react with water= OH and acid= salt if the metal more reactive then HYDROGEN
2) can displace a lower reactive metal , whip is redox
1) The more hydrogen it releases, the more reactive it is/ faster bubbles more reactive
2) Put metal and acid, observe rate of bubbling
3) If not react Warm it but don’t boil.
4) if do with water use steam for less reactive
Use spotting tile table to find out order if reactivity, here put metal one side vs metal aqueous solution observe changes
Hydrogen and oxygen test?
Remember for hydrogen it will…
Hydrogen, place lighted splinter near mouth if contained and it will IGNITE with squeaky pop
Oxygen, place glowing solid near mouth and should RELIGHT
Chlorine gas test
Why must use water to dampen?
1) dampen blue litmus paper with water
2) hold above the container of chlorine gas
3) if gas then it will go from blue to red then white because bleaching
Must dampen because chlorine dissolves in water to form acidic solution which ten makes blue litmus paper red. It also bleached which is why it goes white
