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Soils > C4- Soil Fertility And Evaluatiom > Flashcards

C4- Soil Fertility And Evaluatiom Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the inherent capacity of the soil to
provide nutrients to plants in the right amount and correct
proportions

A

Soil fertility

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2
Q

capability of a soil for producing plants
under a specified system of management

A

Soil productivity

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3
Q

Is one of the factors of soil productivity.
Sometimes a soil may be fertile but may not be productive.

A

Fertility

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4
Q

is measured by the amount of chemical elements
or compounds required for plant growth

A

Fertility

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5
Q

is measured by the yield of the crop per unit
area of the land

A

Productivity

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6
Q

The following are Biological test. Except:
a. Field trials
b. Pot culture/greenhouse trials
c. Use of indicator plants
d. Plant tissue test
e. Microbial test

A

D.

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7
Q

.- uniform or
interveinal yellowing or
light green coloring
leaves

A

Chlorosis

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8
Q

death of leaf
tips/leaf tissue, tissue
browns and die

A

Necrosis

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9
Q

Reddening or purplish color-
due to accumulation of___?

A

anthocyanins

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10
Q

reduced plant height
and shortened internodes

A

Stunting

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11
Q

death of new shoots,
terminal/axillary buds or
flowers, new leaves die
back or exhibit rossetting

A

New growth cessation

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12
Q

Older leaves pale first
o New leaves are
smaller
o Reduced branching

These are symptoms of what deficiency?

A

Nitrogen deficiency symptoms

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13
Q

urea fertilizer grade?

A

46-0-0

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14
Q

▪ Fertilizer grade: 21-0-0-24S
▪ Contains 24% S
▪ Soluble, readily available source of N
and S

What fertilizer is this

A

Ammonium sulfate: (NH4)2SO4

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15
Q

Fertilizer grade: 82-0-0
▪ Fertilizer with the highest analysis
of N
▪ Stored as a liquid under pressure
▪ Injected in the soils as a gas
▪ Highly caustic: requires use of
protective equipment, and subject
to regulations (use, transport, etc.)

A

Anhydrous ammonia: NH3

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16
Q

Fertilizer grade: 34-0-0
▪ Physical form: solid or liquid
▪ Hygroscopic: absorbs water from the air
▪ Can cause salt toxicity

A

Ammonium nitrate: NH4NO3

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17
Q

Fertilizer grade: 28-0-0 TO 32-0-0
▪ Soluble, readily available N source
▪ Liquid fertilizer product made by
dissolving urea and ammonium nitrate
in water
▪ Urea portion is subject to NH3
volatilization

A

Urea ammonium nitrate solution (UAN):
Urea+ NH4NO3

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18
Q

Application rate of chucken manure and vermicast

A

Application rate: 5-10 t ha-1

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19
Q

%N chicken manure

A

2.08%

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20
Q

Dwarf and stunted plants
o Slow growth
o Purpling of stem and
underside of leaves

Deficiency symptoms of what?

A

Phosphorus deficiency

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21
Q

Fertilizer grade: 0-18-0
▪ Physical form: solid
▪ Generally very insoluble

A

Solophos

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22
Q

▪ Fertilizer grade: 0-46-0
▪ Physical form: solid
▪ Acidifying agent
▪ Water-soluble

A. Triple superphosphate: Ca(H2PO4)2
B. Monoammonium phosphate: NH4H2PO4
C. Diammonium phosphate: (NH4)2H2PO4
D. Ammonium polyphosphate:
Ca(NH4H2PO4)2

A

A.

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23
Q

▪ Fertilizer grade: 11-52-0
▪ Physical form: solid
▪ Soluble, readily available source of P
and N
▪ May create an acidic zone around fertilizer granules

A. Triple superphosphate: Ca(H2PO4)2
B. Monoammonium phosphate: NH4H2PO4
C. Diammonium phosphate: (NH4)2H2PO4
D. Ammonium polyphosphate:
Ca(NH4H2PO4)2

A

B.

24
Q

▪ Fertilizer grade: 18-46-0
▪ Physical form: solid
▪ Soluble, readily available source of P
and N
▪ Initial soil reaction can produce free
NH3(high pH, basic) which can cause
seedling injury if too much is placed
near the seed

A. Triple superphosphate: Ca(H2PO4)2
B. Monoammonium phosphate: NH4H2PO4
C. Diammonium phosphate: (NH4)2H2PO4
D. Ammonium polyphosphate:
Ca(NH4H2PO4)2

A

C.

25
Q

Fertilizer grade: 10-34-0 or 11-37-0
▪ Physical form: liquid
▪ Soluble, readily available source of P
and N
▪ Popular source for starter fertilizer

A. Triple superphosphate: Ca(H2PO4)2
B. Monoammonium phosphate: NH4H2PO4
C. Diammonium phosphate: (NH4)2H2PO4
D. Ammonium polyphosphate:
Ca(NH4H2PO4)2

A

D.

26
Q

o Chlorosis of the leaf
margin
o Leaf necrosis
o Green veins with curled
leaves
o Blotchy ripening in
tomato

____deficiency symptoms

A

Potassium

27
Q

The ff are Calcium deficiency symptoms. EXCEPT

o Blossom end-rot
o Water-soaked spot
o Downward cupped leaves
o Reduced leaf size
o Purpling of stem and
underside of leaves

A

Purpling of stem and
underside of leaves

28
Q

o Interveinal chlorosis on
older leaves
o Leaf margins curl
upward
o Stunted growth
o Ripe fruit is not sweet

_______deficiency symptoms

A

Magnesium

29
Q

o Misshapen papaya
fruits
o Deformed sweet
potato roots
o Hollow heart in
peanut/mango/caulifl
ower
o Hollowness in tomato

____deficiency symptoms

A

Boron

30
Q

Application rate of ferrous sulfate

A

0.4%

31
Q

Soil factor resulting in deficiency

“Excessive on coarse-textured low organic matter soils”

A

N, k

32
Q

The term used to describe a plant that
shows no obvious deficiency symptoms, yet the nutrient
content is not sufficient to give the top profitable yield

A

Hidden hunger

33
Q

T or f

Fertilization with sure rate rather than the bare
economic optimum for an average leaf helps to obtain the top profitable yield.

A

T

34
Q

A quantitative analysis based on the concept that if the
content of a particular nutrient in the plant is greater the
higher its availability in the soil

A

Plant tissue analysis

35
Q

There is no basic relationship between the content of a plant
nutrient and the growth or yield of the plant.

T or f?

A

F- THERE IS A BASIC RELATIONSHIP between the content of a plant
nutrient and the growth or yield of the plant

36
Q

the most critical stage of growth for tissue
testing is at the time of bloom or from bloom to early fruiting
stage

T/f?

A

T

37
Q

“Factors affecting essential nutrient element concentration in plants”

-soil tilth, structure, compaction, soil
surface conditions

A. Soil chemical factors-
B. Treatment factors-
C. Soil physical factors
D. Crop factors

A

C.

38
Q

organic matter content, water pH, level of essential elements

A. Soil chemical factors-
B. Treatment factors-
C. Soil physical factors
D. Crop factors

A

A

39
Q

Serves an option to monitor the fertility of the soil while the
plant is already growing

A

Plant tissue analysis

40
Q

• Estimates the nutrient
supplying capacity of a soil.
• Measures a portion of a
nutrient that is used by plants.
• Results are used to generate
fertilizer recommendation.
• Determine soil’s nutrient
status before a crop is planted.

A

Soil chemical analysis:

41
Q

____% of all errors in
fertilizer recommendations
based on soil test is due to
poor soil sampling procedures

A

90%

42
Q

Tools needed during soil sampling:

A

auger
shovel
bolo
pale
trowel
marker
sando bag

43
Q

Using the zig-zag sampling, take at least 10-15 samples
and mix inside the pale

T or f

A

F- 10-20 samples

44
Q

Topsoil-_____ cm depth for shallow rooted crops such
as rice, corn & vegetables.

A

0 to 25cm

45
Q

Subsoil- ___cm depth for fruit trees such as
mango & coconut.

A

25 to 50 cm

46
Q

Soil testing should be done every 1-2 years

T or f

A

T

47
Q

This involves the planting of the crop in the soil being
evaluated
❖Plants are grown in different levels of nutrients and the
growth and yield performance of the crop is monitored and
compared.

A

Biological test

48
Q

Biological test could either be?

A

a. pot experiment
b. field fertilizer experiment

49
Q

determines lime requirement of soil
❑ indicator of Ca, P and K deficiency

A. Aspergillus niger test
B. Azotobacter plaque test
C. Cunninghamella plaque test
D. CO2 evolution

A

B.

50
Q

❑ determine P, K, Cu, Mg, Mo, Co, Mn requirement of plants
❑ color of mycelia and spores are indicator of Cu & Mn
present in soil

A. Aspergillus niger test
B. Azotobacter plaque test
C. Cunninghamella plaque test
D. CO2 evolution

A

A.

51
Q

determines P content in soil
❑ size of mycelia indicates P supply in soil

A. Aspergillus niger test
B. Azotobacter plaque test
C. Cunninghamella plaque test
D. CO2 evolution

A

C

52
Q

To determine Potassium deficiency, a small amounts of soil are
incubated for a period of___ days in flasks containing appropriate solutions.

A

4 days

53
Q

The organism_____ is sensitive to the
phosphorus status of the growing medium.

A

Cunninghamella

54
Q

Cunninghamella blakesleana is used in____ soil

A

Calcareous soil

55
Q

It is based on the principle of intensive uptake of nutrient elements by
growing a large no. of seedlings on a small quantity of soil

A

Neubauer Seedling method

56
Q

In this technique, 100 seedlings of rye are made to feed exhaustively on
100 g of soil mixed with 50g sand (Nutrient free quartz) for 17 days in petri
dishes of (11 cmx7cm). A blank without any soil is also
run.

A

Neubauer Seedling method

Soils (4 decks)

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