C4: Chemical Patterns

Question 1

What does the nucleus of an atom contain?

Answer 1

Protons and neutrons

Question 2

What is the relatibe mass and charge of a neutron?

Answer 2

1 and has no charge

Question 3

What are the state symbols for each state.

Answer 3

Liquid (l), Soild (s), Gas (g), Aqeuous (aq)

Question 4

Describe how heating a metal can help to identify it

Answer 4

When heated some elements porduce flames with an distinctive colour. EG: LI - RED, NA - YELLOW/ORANGE, K - LILAC. Can be used to identify metal in a compound, if placed in blue bunsen flame.

Question 5

What can line spectrums be used for?

Answer 5

It can be used to identify elements because each element has a unique spectra, also to discover new elements.

Question 6

What size groups did Dobereiner organise the elements into?

Answer 6

Triads - groups of three

Question 7

Give two reasons why Newlands’ octaves were criticised

Answer 7

Some groups didnt contain elements with similar properties and metals& non metals were mixed up. He also didnt leave any gaps

Question 8

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in the periodic table?

Answer 8

For undiscovered elements and used the gaps to predict the properties of these undiscovered elements.

Question 9

What features of atoms determines the order?

Answer 9

Atomic Mass

Question 10

What is significant about the properties of elements in the same group?

Answer 10

They had very similar properties in vertical groups.

Question 11

What are the rows in the perodic table known as?

Answer 11

Periods

Question 12

How many electrons can the first shell of electrons hold?

Answer 12

2

Question 13

Explain why elements in group 1 form postive ions and those in Group 7 form negative ions.

Answer 13

In group 1 they have 1 electron on the outer shell, they want a full outer shell so they lose a electron, making them postively charged. Group 7 have 7 on the outer shell and want to gain a electron to achieve a full shell. This extra electron means it is negatively charged.

Question 14

DEFINE: Ionic Bonding

Answer 14

Ionic bond is the chemical bond between two ions with opposite charges.

Question 15

What kind of structures do ionic bonds from?

Answer 15

Ionic compounds from a regular lattice shape of ions

Question 16

The formula of magnesium bromide is MgBr2. Bromide ions have a charge of 1-. What is the charge of Magnesium?

Answer 16

2+

Question 17

What group are the alkali metals?

Answer 17

Group 1

Question 18

As you go down the alkali metals, what happens to reactivity?

Answer 18

Reactivity increases as you go down

Question 19

Give details of reactions between the alkali metals and water

Answer 19

When they are put in water, they react vigorously, they float and fizz. The reaction produces a alkaline solution and hydrogen gas.

Question 20

Atoms in Group 7 go around in pairs what is this called?

Answer 20

Diatomic

Question 21

Describe how reactivity changes as you go down group 7

Answer 21

Reactivity decreases, it is oppsite to group 1 They also have a higher melting and boiling point.

Question 22

Describe the appearance of chlorine at room temperature

Answer 22

Dense green gas

Question 23

Name a type of experiment that could be used to determine the relative reactivity of the halogens.

Answer 23

Displacement reaction

Question 24

What precautions need to be taken when working with group 7 elements? Why?

Answer 24

They are harmful and toxic. Fluorine is too dangerous to use in a lab. Liquid bromine is corrosive. They all give off poisionous vapours taht irritate the respiratory system and the eyes. They must be used inside a fume cupboad so you dont breathe in the fumes.