B4:Processes Of Life Flashcards
What is the function of the nucleus?
Contains DNA, which is the instructions for making proteins
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
A gel-like substance where proteins such as enzymes are made. Some reactions take place in the cytoplasm. For example anaerobic respiration
What is the function of the cell membrane?
It holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out of the cell. It lets gases and water through freely and acts as a barrier to chemicals
What is the function of the mitochondria?
This is where the enzymes needed for any reactions of aerobic respiration and reactions take place
Name three things Plant cells have but Animal cells dont
Ridgid cell wall made from cellulose that supports and strengthens the cell
Vacuole that contains cell sap (weak solution of salts and sugars).
Chloroplasts for photosynthesis
‘Yeast cells have mitochondria & nucleus’ True or False?
TRUE - They have cytoplasm, nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane& mitochondria
What type of cells have a cell wall but no nucleus?
Bacteria - they have a simple cell structure
DEFINE: Enzyme
A enzyme is a biological catalyst (it is a protein that speeds up chemical reactions)
What is the lock and key model?
The lock& key model, is where the subtrate fits perfectly into the active site of the enzyme. Enzymes are specific, only one subtrate fits a specific enzyme.
What two things affect how quickly an enzyme works?
Temperature and pH
What is a denatured enzyme?
A denatured enzyme is a enzyme that its active site shape has been changed. It means that the substrate no longer fits and doesnt work
Name three things that energy released from respiration is used from.
Movement- for muscles to contract
Active transport- to move some substances in and out of cells.
Synthesis of large molecules - Glucose and nitrogen bonded together to make amino acids
What type of respiration releases more energy per glucose molecule
AEROBIC
What is the word equation for Aerobic Respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide + Water
What is the balanced symbol equation?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —-> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Give an example of when human cells respire anaerobically.
When doign vigourous exercise and your body cant supply enough oxygen to your body cells.
What does anaerobic respiration produce in animal cells?
Latic acid
What does anaerobic respiration produce in yeast cells?
Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide
Briefly describe how bread is made with yeast.
Bread is made using yeast, the yeast ferments the carbohydrates in the flour and release carbon dioxide - this causes the bread to rise
Breifly describe the process of Photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that uses energy from sunlight ot produce food. Chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis. The chloroplasts absorb sunlight and allows the energy to be used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.
What is the word equation for Photosynthesis?
The same as respiration but backwards. Carbon dioxide + Water —> Glucose + Oxygen
Give three main ways plants use Glucose.
For respiration - TO RELEASE ENERGY
For chemicals for growth - Cellulose for cell walls, to turn glucose and nitrogen into amino acids
For turning glucose into starch and store for use when rate of photosynthesis is slower (WINTER)
Name three factors that can limit the rate of photosynthesis
Amount of light
Amount of carbon dioxide
Temperature
Describe how to take a transect
To set up a transect run a tape measure between two fixed points. Start at one end and collect all the data you want. Just keep collecting the data and moving until you reach the other end of the transect
Explain how a quadrat could be used to collect data about plants
Using a quadrat, you could estimate the percentage cover of a plant species
What is an identification key?
It is a series of questions used to figure out what a plant is
DEFINE: Diffusion
The passive overall movement of particles from a region of high to low concentration
Give two examples of chemicals that can move in or out of leaf cells by diffusion.
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide for and from photosynthesis
DEFINE: Osmosis
Osmosis us the overall movement of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane
Give two ways that active transport differs from diffusion
Active transport requires energy and goes against the concentration gradient
