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January Exams > B4:Processes Of Life > Flashcards

B4:Processes Of Life Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Contains DNA, which is the instructions for making proteins

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2
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

A gel-like substance where proteins such as enzymes are made. Some reactions take place in the cytoplasm. For example anaerobic respiration

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3
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

It holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out of the cell. It lets gases and water through freely and acts as a barrier to chemicals

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4
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

This is where the enzymes needed for any reactions of aerobic respiration and reactions take place

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5
Q

Name three things Plant cells have but Animal cells dont

A

Ridgid cell wall made from cellulose that supports and strengthens the cell
Vacuole that contains cell sap (weak solution of salts and sugars).
Chloroplasts for photosynthesis

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6
Q

‘Yeast cells have mitochondria & nucleus’ True or False?

A

TRUE - They have cytoplasm, nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane& mitochondria

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7
Q

What type of cells have a cell wall but no nucleus?

A

Bacteria - they have a simple cell structure

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8
Q

DEFINE: Enzyme

A

A enzyme is a biological catalyst (it is a protein that speeds up chemical reactions)

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9
Q

What is the lock and key model?

A

The lock& key model, is where the subtrate fits perfectly into the active site of the enzyme. Enzymes are specific, only one subtrate fits a specific enzyme.

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10
Q

What two things affect how quickly an enzyme works?

A

Temperature and pH

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11
Q

What is a denatured enzyme?

A

A denatured enzyme is a enzyme that its active site shape has been changed. It means that the substrate no longer fits and doesnt work

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12
Q

Name three things that energy released from respiration is used from.

A

Movement- for muscles to contract
Active transport- to move some substances in and out of cells.
Synthesis of large molecules - Glucose and nitrogen bonded together to make amino acids

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13
Q

What type of respiration releases more energy per glucose molecule

A

AEROBIC

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14
Q

What is the word equation for Aerobic Respiration?

A

Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide + Water

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15
Q

What is the balanced symbol equation?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —-> 6CO2 + 6H2O

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16
Q

Give an example of when human cells respire anaerobically.

A

When doign vigourous exercise and your body cant supply enough oxygen to your body cells.

17
Q

What does anaerobic respiration produce in animal cells?

A

Latic acid

18
Q

What does anaerobic respiration produce in yeast cells?

A

Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide

19
Q

Briefly describe how bread is made with yeast.

A

Bread is made using yeast, the yeast ferments the carbohydrates in the flour and release carbon dioxide - this causes the bread to rise

20
Q

Breifly describe the process of Photosynthesis.

A

Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that uses energy from sunlight ot produce food. Chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis. The chloroplasts absorb sunlight and allows the energy to be used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.

21
Q

What is the word equation for Photosynthesis?

A

The same as respiration but backwards. Carbon dioxide + Water —> Glucose + Oxygen

22
Q

Give three main ways plants use Glucose.

A

For respiration - TO RELEASE ENERGY
For chemicals for growth - Cellulose for cell walls, to turn glucose and nitrogen into amino acids
For turning glucose into starch and store for use when rate of photosynthesis is slower (WINTER)

23
Q

Name three factors that can limit the rate of photosynthesis

A

Amount of light
Amount of carbon dioxide
Temperature

24
Q

Describe how to take a transect

A

To set up a transect run a tape measure between two fixed points. Start at one end and collect all the data you want. Just keep collecting the data and moving until you reach the other end of the transect

25
Q

Explain how a quadrat could be used to collect data about plants

A

Using a quadrat, you could estimate the percentage cover of a plant species

26
Q

What is an identification key?

A

It is a series of questions used to figure out what a plant is

27
Q

DEFINE: Diffusion

A

The passive overall movement of particles from a region of high to low concentration

28
Q

Give two examples of chemicals that can move in or out of leaf cells by diffusion.

A

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide for and from photosynthesis

29
Q

DEFINE: Osmosis

A

Osmosis us the overall movement of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

30
Q

Give two ways that active transport differs from diffusion

A

Active transport requires energy and goes against the concentration gradient

January Exams (9 decks)

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