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GCSE Science > C4 Chemical Changes > Flashcards

C4 Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

Metal + acid –> ?

A

Salt + hydrogen

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2
Q

Metal hydroxide + acid –> ?

A

Salt + water

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3
Q

Metal oxide + acid –> ?

A

Salt + water

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4
Q

Metal carbonate + acid –> ?

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

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5
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance that can neutralise an acid, with a pH greater than 7

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6
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A base that dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH greater than 7

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7
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance that forms aqueous solutions with a pH less than 7

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8
Q

What is the ionic equation for a neutralisation reaction?

A

OH- + H+ –> H2O

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9
Q

What is the reactivity series?

A 
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold
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10
Q

What is an acronym for the reactivity series?

A

Please stop calling me a careless zebra. Instead, try learning how copper saves gold.

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11
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

When a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal in an aqueous solution of one of its salts.

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12
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom with a charge

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13
Q

What is an ionic equation?

A

One that only shows atoms and ions that change in a reaction

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14
Q

Stomach acid pH

A

1

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15
Q

Vinegar and lemon juice pH

A

3

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16
Q

Acid rain pH

A

4

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17
Q

Rain pH

A

5

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18
Q

Pure water pH

A

7

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19
Q

Washing-up liquid pH

A

9

20
Q

Pancreatic juice pH

A

10

21
Q

Bleach pH

A

12

22
Q

Drain cleaner pH

A

14

23
Q

What is an indicator?

A

A dye that changes colour depending on whether it’s above or below a certain pH

24
Q

What are wide range indicators? What are they useful for?

A

Indicators that contain a mixture of dyes, so they change colour gradually over a broad range of pH. They are useful when estimating pH.

25
Q

How can you measure the pH of a solution?

A

With an indicator

With a pH probe attached to a pH meter

26
Q

What is a pH probe? How accurate is it compared to an indicator?

A

An electronic device that measures the pH of a solution. They are more accurate than indicators because they output a number rather than a colour.

27
Q

Acid + base –> ?

What is this reaction called?

A

Salt + water

Neutralisation

28
Q

What is the pH of the products formed in a neutralisation reaction?

A

7 (neutral)

29
Q

What do strong acids do in water?

A

They ionise completely - all the acid particles dissociate to release H+ ions.

30
Q

What do weak acids do in water?

A

They don’t fully ionise - only a small proportion of acid particles dissociate to release H+ ions.

31
Q

What do acids do in aqueous solutions?

A

They ionise

32
Q

Why are strong acids more reactive than weak ones?

A

Reactions of acids involve the H+ ions reacting with other substances. If the concentration of H+ ions is higher, the reaction will happen faster.

33
Q

What is the pH of an acid or alkali?

A

The concentration of H+ ions in the solution

34
Q

How does the concentration of H+ ions change across the pH scale?

A

For every decrease of 1 on the pH scale, it multiplies by 10

35
Q

Metal + water –> ?

A

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

36
Q

Which metals react with water? (4)

A

Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium

37
Q

Which metals do not react with water? (3)

A

Zinc, iron, copper

38
Q

What is an ore?

A

A compound containing enough of a metal to make it worth the cost of extracting it

39
Q

What is oxidation?

A

The gain of oxygen and the loss of electrons

40
Q

What is reduction?

A

The loss of oxygen and the gain of electrons

41
Q

What does OIL RIG stand for?

A

Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain (of electrons)

42
Q

Which metals can be extracted by reduction with carbon? (general case and 3 examples)

A

Those which are below carbon in the reactivity series.

Zinc, iron, copper

43
Q

What does PANIC stand for?

A

Positive Anode, Negative Is Cathode

44
Q

Which reactants are reduced and oxidised in a displacement reaction?

A

The metal ion is reduced, the metal atom is oxidised

45
Q

Which ions are attracted to which electrodes in electrolysis?

A

The positive metal ions go to the negative cathode, the negative non-metal ions go to the positive anode.

GCSE Science (5 decks)

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