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GCSE AQA CHEMISTRY (PAPER 1) Combined > c4 > Flashcards

c4 Flashcards

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1
Q

How can you measure the pH of a solution?

A

Universal indicator or a pH probe or pH meter

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2
Q

What do acids and bases produce/do?

A

neutralise each other by producing salt and water

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3
Q

What do acids produce in water?

A

protons

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4
Q

What do strong acids do in water?

A

ionise completely (dissociate to release protons)

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5
Q

What do weak acids do in water?

A

Not fully ionise (small proportion dissociate)

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6
Q

Why are weak acids reversible?

A

Only a few acid particles have been released

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7
Q

Why are strong acids more reactive?

A

concentration of protons are higher so the r of r is faster

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8
Q

What is pH a measure of?

A

The concentration of hydrogen ions

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9
Q

How to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions?

A

For every decreases of 1 on the pH scale the concentration increases by a factor of 10.

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10
Q

What does acid strength tell you?

A

What proportion of acid molecules ionise in water

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11
Q

What does concentration tel you?

A

How much acid there is in a certain volume of water

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12
Q

What are metal oxides and metal hydroxides

A

(salt + water)

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13
Q

What do acids and metal carbonates produce?

A

carbon dioxide and bases (salt and water)

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14
Q

How is metals reactivity determined?

A

how easily they loose electrons ( forming positive ions)

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15
Q

How are positive ions formed?

A

When metals react with water or an acid (So the further a metal is in the reactivity series the more easily it reacts with a water or acid

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16
Q

What is the reactivity series?

A 
Potassium
Sodium 
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Carbon
Zinc
iron
Hydrogen
Copper
17
Q

How do you find the speed of the reaction?

A

The rate at which bubbles are given off

18
Q

why do some metals react explosively?

A

very reactive

19
Q

What is produced when metals react with water?

A

metal hydroxide and hydrogen

20
Q

What is oxidation?

A

GAIN OF ELECTRONS (common metals react with oxygen)

21
Q

What is a reduction reaction?

A

LOSS OF ELECTRONS (separating a metal from its oxide)

22
Q

What metals have to be extracted using electrolysis?

A

Metals higher than carbon in the reactivity series because carbon can only take oxygen away from meals which are less reactive than itself

23
Q

What is REDOX?

A

reduction & oxidation happening at the same time.

24
Q

What is the displacement rule?

A

A MORE REACTIVE metal will displace a LESS REACTIVE metal from its compound.

25
Q

What type of ion always gains electrons and is reduced in displacement reactions?

A

A metal ion

26
Q

What do ionic equations concentrate on?

A

The substances that are oxidised or reduced

GCSE AQA CHEMISTRY (PAPER 1) Combined (6 decks)

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