C4

Question 1

what do ionic bonds form between and what do they always produce?

Answer 1

metal and non-metals and always produce giant ionic structures

Question 2

Properties of giant lattice structure in terms of ions?

Answer 2

• ions closely packed together in a lattice arrangement
• Ions are not free to move so do not conduct electricity when compound is solid
• very strong chemical bonds between all ions

Question 3

What did J J Thomson conclude from his model?

Answer 3

• concluded that atom must contain negatively charged electrons
• plum pudding model

Question 4

What did Ernest Ruthord, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden find out with tier experiment?

Answer 4

• fired positively charged particles at a thin sheet of gold
• Expected that most particles would be deflected backwards
• instead, most particles went through and very little deflect back
• came up with the idea of nuclear atom / positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons

Question 5

What did Bohr suggest?

Answer 5

-electrons only exist in fixed orbits or shells. each shell has a fixed energy

Question 6

Where do we get our water from in the UK?

Answer 6

Surface water- Lakes rivers and reservoirs

Groundwater- aquifers

Question 7

What happens during filtration?

Answer 7

A wire of mesh screens out large twigs

Question 8

What happens during sedimentation?

Answer 8

Iron sulfate added to the water which makes fine particles clump together and settle at the bottom

Question 9

What happens during chlorination?

Answer 9

chlorine gas bubbled through to kill harmful bacteria

Question 10

What impurities does tap water contain?

Answer 10

• nitrate residue from excess fertilisers
• lead compounds from old pipes
• pesticides residues from spraying to near to rivers