C4 Flashcards
Nature vs nurture debate
The ongoing discussion of the respective roles of genetics and socialization in determining individual behaviors and traits
Socialization
The process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of our social group, by which we become functioning members of society
Feral children
In myths and rare real-world cases, children who have has little human contact and may have lived in social isolation from a young age
Self
The individual’s conscious, reflexive experience of personal identity is separate and distinct from others
Looking-glass self
The notion that the self develops through our perception of others’ evaluation and appraisals of us
Preparatory stage
The first stage in Mead’s theory of the development of self wherein children mimic or imitate others
Play stage
The second stage in Mead’s theory of the development of self, wherein children pretend to play the role of a particular or significant other
Particular or significant other
The perspectives and expectations of a particular role that a child learns and internalizes
Game stage
The third stage in Mead’s theory of the development of self wherein children play organized games and take on the perspective of the generalized other
Generalized other
The perspectives and expectations of a network of others ( or of society in general ) that children learn and then take into account when shaping their own behavior
Dual nature of the self
The idea that we experience the self as both subject and object: the “I” and the “me”
Thomas theorem
The classic formulation of the ay individuals determines reality, whereby “if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences.”
Definition of the situation
An agreement with others about “what is going on “ in a given circumstance; this consensus allows us to coordinate our actions with others and realize goals
Expressions of behavior
Small actions, such as an eye roll or head nod that serve as an interactional tool to help project our definition of the situation to others
Expressions given
Expressions that are intentional and usually verbal, such as utterances
Expressions given off
Observable expressions that can be either intended or unintended and are usually nonverbal
Dramaturgy
An approach pioneered by Erving Goffman in which social life is analyzed in terms of its similarities to theatrical performance
Front
In the dramaturgical perspective, the setting or scene of performances helps establish the definition of the situation
Region
The context in which the performance takes place, including location, decor, and props
Personal front
The performance tactics we use to present ourselves to others, including appearance, costume, and manner
Backstage
The places where we rehearse and prepare for our performances
Frontstage
The places where we deliver our performances to an audience of others
Social construction
The process by which a concept or practice is created and maintained by participants who collectively agree that it exists
Cooling the mark out
Behaviors that help others save face or avoid embarrassment are often referred to as civility or tact
