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Chemistry Scholarship > C3.6 > Flashcards

C3.6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define solvent

A

A substance that dissolves other substances (called solutes)

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2
Q

Define solute

A

A substance which is dissolved in a solvent. The end result of this is a solution.
NB. The amount of solute that dissolves depends on the solvent’s temperature.

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3
Q

Define saturated solution

A

A solution which is in equilibrium with undissolved solute.

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4
Q

Define solubility

A

The extent to which a solute will dissolve in a solvent.

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5
Q

What is Ks?

A

Likelihood of a solute to dissolve. Large numbers more likely.

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6
Q

What is the Ks equation for AB?

A

Ks = [A+] [B-]

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7
Q

What do square brackets represent?

A

The concentration.

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8
Q

What can solubility constants be used for?

A
  • Calculate c of one ion in eq with another
  • Determine if a ppt will form when two solutions are mixed
  • Calculate solubility of ionic compound
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9
Q

How do you calculate Ks for AB from solubility?

A

Ks = [A+] [B-]
As A=B
Ks = [A+] squared. (or [B-] squared)

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10
Q

How do you calculate Ks for A2B from solubility?

A

Ks = [A+] squared x [B-]

As 2:1 ration of A:B, multiply A by 2 before squaring.

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11
Q

How do you calculate Ks for AB2 from solubility?

A

Ks = [A+] x [B-] squared.

As 1:2 ratio of A:B, multiply B by 2 before squaring.

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12
Q

How do you calculate solubility for AB from Ks?

A

x = root of Ks

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13
Q

How do you calculate solubility for A2B or AB2 from Ks?

A

x = cube root (Ks/4)

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14
Q

What is ionic product?

A

The concentration of each ion in ppt multiplied together.

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15
Q

How do you know if a reaction will form a precipitate?

A

If Ionic product is larger that Ks, ppt will be formed.

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16
Q

What happens if equal volumes of two solutions are combined?

A

The concentration of each solution halves.

17
Q

What is the common ion effect?

A

The drop in solubility of AB if A+ or B- ions are added from another source.

18
Q

What happens if A+ or B- ions are added to an AB solution?

A

The equilibrium will shift to favor the ppt as higher conc. of ions.

19
Q

What are acids and bases relative to protons?

A

An acid is a proton donor, a base is a proton acceptor.

Note: A does not match A (acid acceptor)

20
Q

What do strong acids and strong bases do in water?

A

They completely dissociate in water, fully releasing all of their ions.

21
Q

What do weaker acids and bases do in water?

A

They do not dissociate fully in water, and only partially ionize.

22
Q

What is Ka?

A

The acid dissociation constant

23
Q

How do you calculate Ka?

A

[products]/[reactants]

24
Q

How do you calculate the final conc. of an acid in solution?

A

acid - [H3O+]

25
Q

What does a small Ka mean?

A

The acid is weak

26
Q

What does a large Ka mean?

A

The acid is strong

27
Q

What does a small pKa mean?

A

The acid is strong

28
Q

What does a large pKa mean?

A

The acid is weak

29
Q

What is Kb?

A

The symbol for the dissociation constant for a base- to what extent a base will dissociate.

30
Q

What does the strength of an acid depend on?

A

The extent to which it will donate protons

31
Q

What does the strength of a base depend on?

A

The extent to which it will accept protons.

Chemistry Scholarship (4 decks)

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