C3.5 Flashcards
What is an ester?
- suffix -yl
- suffix -oate
What is an aldehyde?
suffix -al
What is a ketone?
-suffix -one
What is an amide?
-suffix -amide
ffWhat is an acyl chloride?
-suffix -oyl chloride
Give the definition of an addition reaction
A reaction in which atoms or groups of atomas are added into an unsaturated molecule (eg. alkene/alkyne). Usually, it proceeds rapidly without need for light/heat.
Note. For reactions involving unsymetrical alkenes and unsymentrical reagents, markovnikov’s rule applis (hydrogens will usually go with hydrogens)
Eg. H2 + CH3CH2CH=CH2 –(Pt catalyst)–> CH3CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH=CH2 + HCl –(major)–> CH3CHClCH3
CH3CH=CH2 + HCl –(minor)–> CH3CH2CH2Cl
Give the definition of a substitution reaction
One atom or group swaps places with another. Usually requires light/heat and is slower than addition reactions.
Br2 + CH3CH2CH2CH3 –(light/heat)–> CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + HBr
Give the definition of a condensation reaction
A eraction in which two molecules join together with the elimination of a small molecule such as water. Observed in esterification and polymerisation reactions, eg. formation of protein from amino acids.
Eg. CH3COOH + CH3OH –(conc. H2SO4/Heat)–> CH3COOCH3 + H2O
Give the definition of an elimination reaction
A reaction in which new multiple (double/triple) bonds are made between carbon atoms with the elimination of small molecule such as water or hydrogen chloride.
Eg. CH3CH2OH –(conc. H2SO4/heat)–> CH2=CH2 + H2O
Note: In cases where the alcohol or haloalkane is unsymmetrical, saytzeff’s rule applies (H will disappear from least amount of H present)
Eg. CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2CH3 –major–(conc. H2SO4/heat)–> CH3CH=CHCH2CH3 + H2O
Eg. CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2H3 –(minor)–(conc. H2SO4/heat)–> CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3
Give the definition of a redox reaction
A reaction which can be recognized by a loss or gain of Oxygen, Hydrogen or Electrons during the reaction.
Eg. CH3CH=CH2 + H2 –(Pt catalyst)–> CH3CH2CH3
