C3.3 Flashcards
What is oxidation in terms of oxygen?
Gain of oxygen by a substance.
What is reduction in terms of oxygen?
Loss of oxygen by a substance.
What ions do acids form when dissolved in water?
H⁺ (Hydrogen) ions.
What does the acronym OIL RIG stand for?
Oxidation Is Loss (of electrons) and Reduction Is Gain (of electrons).
What ions do alkalis form when dissolved in water?
OH⁻ (Hydroxide) ions.
What are the products when metal carbonates react with acids?
Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide.
Example: CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂.
What is the general equation for a neutralization reaction?
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
Or in ionic form: H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O.
What determines the name of the salt produced in neutralization reactions?
The acid provides the second part (e.g., chloride, nitrate, sulfate).
The base/metal provides the first part (e.g., magnesium, sodium).
What gas is produced when acids react with metals?
Hydrogen gas (H₂).
Example: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂.
What salt is produced when hydrochloric acid (HCl) is used?
Chloride salts.
Example: NaCl (Sodium chloride).
What salt is produced when nitric acid (HNO₃) is used?
Nitrate salts.
Example: KNO₃ (Potassium nitrate).
What salt is produced when sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is used?
Sulfate salts.
Example: CuSO₄ (Copper sulfate).
What is the difference between strong and weak acids?
Strong acids: Completely ionize in water (e.g., HCl, H₂SO₄).
Weak acids: Partially ionize in water (e.g., ethanoic acid).
What happens to hydrogen ion (H⁺) concentration when pH decreases by 1?
It increases by a factor of 10.
What is the difference between concentrated and dilute acids?
Concentrated: High amount of substance in a given volume.
Dilute: Low amount of substance in a given volume.
What does a pH of 7 indicate?
The solution is neutral.
What is the pH range of acidic solutions?
A: pH 0 to 6.
What is the pH range of alkaline (basic) solutions?
pH 8 to 14.
What is a pH meter used for?
To give an exact numerical value of pH.
What is the color of litmus paper in acidic and alkaline solutions?
Red litmus: Stays red in acid, turns blue in alkali.
Blue litmus: Stays blue in alkali, turns red in acid.
What is the color of methyl orange in acidic and alkaline solutions?
Acidic: Red
Neutral/Alkaline: Yellow
What is the color of phenolphthalein in acidic and alkaline solutions?
Acidic/Neutral: Colorless
Alkaline: Pink
What is the relationship between pH value and hydrogen ion concentration?
Lower pH = Higher H⁺ concentration.
What does a factor of 10 increase in H⁺ concentration do to pH?
Decreases pH by 1.
How can you measure pH besides a pH meter?
Using universal indicator or pH paper.
