C2.2 (until C2.2.8) Flashcards
True or False: Metals lose electrons to form positive ions
True
True or False: Non-metals gain electrons to form positive ions.
False, Non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions.
Do metals react with each other?
No, they mix to form alloys
What do non-metals form when they react?
Compounds
What do metals and non metals react with oxygen to form:
Oxides
What do metal oxides form when they dissolve in water?
Alkaline solution
What do non-metal oxides form when they dissolve in water?
acidic solution
Why do elements in a group have similar chemical properties?
Due to the arrangement of their electrons.
What can you tell about the electronic structure of an element from its group number?
The amount of electrons in the outer shell.
What can you tell about the electronic structure of an element from its period number?
Its amount of shells
What happens when metals react with non-metals?
electrons are transferred from the metal atoms to the non-metal atoms, so both become stable.
describe ionic compounds ion their solid state
Contain positive and negative ions arranged in a regular way; this arrangement is called a giant lattice.
Describe a covalent bond
Covalent bonds form between 2 non-metal atoms sharing electrons.
What is a molecule?
A molecule is a particle in which non-metal atoms are joined to each other by covalent bonds, a simple molecule is a molecule that only contains a few atoms(like hydrogen, oxygen, water, etc)
Where are the forces in covalent bonds?
For covalent bonds, electrostatic forces of attraction are between the nucleus of each bonded atom and the shared electrons.
Describe the bonds and forces in covalent bonding
The covalent bonds between atoms in a simple molecule are strong, but the intermolecular forces between the molecules are weak.
Describe the structure of a diamond
diamond is a form of carbon, existing as a giant covalent structure in which each carbon atom is joined to 4 other carbon atoms by covalent bonds.
How do you write a giant covalent structure?
You use empirical formula, which shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in each element
How are polymers made?
all polymers are made from monomers which join end-to-end in chemical reactions, producing longer polymer molecules.
What do monomers consist of?
Monomers consist of few-non-metal atoms joined to each other by covalent bonds.
How are polymer molecules drawn?
polymer molecules are drawn as a wavy line, sometimes with straight lines between them to represent covalent bonds, there are weak intermolecular forces between polymer molecules, but they aren’t shown.
Describe the two different types of polymers
some polymers are made from several types of monomer (e.g: proteins and DNA), others are made of one type of monomer(e.g polyethene)
What is the structure of metal’s atoms?
Metal’s atoms are packed together in a regular way forming a giant metallic lattice.
What do electrons do in the metal atoms?
electrons leave the outer shells of the metal atoms, forming a ‘sea’ of electrons around positively charged metal ions, called delocalised electrons.
What are metallic bonds?
Metallic bonds are strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the delocalised electrons and the closely packed, positively charged metal ions.
