C3 The Peridoic Table

Question 0

When you go down the periodic table, what happens and what does this mean?

Answer 0

The number of electron shells increases and the atoms get bigger.
Larger atoms lose electrons more easily
larger atoms gain electrons more easily

Question 1

Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?

Answer 1

They have the same number of electrons on the outer shell and the same energy levels.

Question 3

More electrons means that…

Answer 3

The outer electrons don’t feel the attractive force from the protons in the nucleus.
They are shielded by the negative electrons and are repelled.
They leave the atom easily but don’t join.

Question 5

What and when did Dalton do with the periodic table.

Answer 5

In 1808 he arranged elements in order of mass.

Question 7

When you go down the table, what happens with metals?

Answer 7

Reactivity increases
The outer shell is lost when reacting.
Outer electrons are more likely to leave and react.

Question 8

When you go down the table, what happens with non-metals?

Answer 8

Reactivity decreases.
They gain outer shells when reacting.
They are less likely to gain electrons.

Question 9

The properties of alkali metals are:

Answer 9

Very reactive.
Softer.
Less dense.
Lower melting and boiling points.
Silver and gray in colour.(They react with oxygen in the air)

Question 10

What is the charge of a ion formed from an alkali metal?

Answer 10

Plus 1 charge.

Question 11

Properties of halogens.

Answer 11

Low melting and boiling points.

Bad conductors of heat and electricity.

Question 12

What did Mendeleev do with his periodic table?

Answer 12

Arranged elements in the order of mass.
Arranged so a periodic pattern formed.
He left gaps for elements that hadn’t been discovered.
When new elements were found they fitted in the table.

Question 13

Compounds of transition elements.

Answer 13

They are coloured.
They can form more than one type of ion.
Fe 2+ is green. Fe3+ is reddish brown.
The are good catalysts.

Question 14

What is the modern periodic table measured by?

Answer 14

Elements are in order of atomic number, not the mass number.

Question 15

What happens when a alkali metal reacts with water?

Answer 15

Hydrogen and a hydroxide of the metal is formed.

Lithium hydroxide

Question 16

Give an example of a alkali metal reacting with a halogen

Answer 16

Lithium(2)+Chlorine(2)=lithium chloride 2 LiCl(2)

Question 17

Explain halogens bonding with metals.

Answer 17

An ionic bond occurs.

An electron is gained to form a 1- ion.

Question 18

Explain the bonding of a halogen to a non-metal.

Answer 18

A covalent bond is formed.

One electron is shared in the outer shell.

Question 19

Describe the physical properties of transition elements.

Answer 19

Good conduction of heat and electricity.
Hard and strong.
High densities.
High melting point.

Question 20

Why didn’t scientists as the time think the periodic table was important?

Answer 20

There was little evidence supporting the idea that the elements fitted together and that they had similar properties.

Question 25

Describe the compounds formed by alkali metals when reacted with a halogen.

Answer 25

They are white and dissolve in water to form colourless solutions.

Question 34

What did Newlands do with his periodic table?

Answer 34

Arranged elements in order of mass.
Law of octaves. Every eighth element was similar.
Only worked with the first 20 elements as the rest hadn’t been discovered.

Question 35

What does diatomic mean?

Answer 35

There are two atoms stuck together.

The halogens are are diatomic

Question 36

What two differences would you see if you reacted potassium and lithium in water?

Answer 36

Potassium would produce a flame and explode.

Lithium wouldn’t explode and react slower.

Question 37

What do transition metal and their compounds make good?

Answer 37

Catalysts.