C3 - Structure & Bonding Flashcards
What 3 forms can substances become?
solid, liquid & gas
Describe the particle arrangement & movement in solids.
- closely packed
- vibrate on the spot in fixed positions
- cannot be compressed
Describe the particle arrangement & movement in liquids.
- closely packed
- move round each other, touching
- randomly arranged
- cannot be compressed
Describe the particle arrangement & movement in gases.
- spread out
- randomly arranged
- vibrate alot
- move quickly in all directions
- can be compressed
Why can gases be compressed?
large gaps between particles & easier to push particles together
What is the process of solid turning to a liquid called?
melting
What is the process of a liquid turning to a gas called?
boiling
What is the process of a gas turning to a liquid called?
condensation/boiling point
What is the process of a liquid turning to a solid called?
freezing/melting point
What is the process of gas turning to a solid called (& vice versa)?
sublimation
On a temperature - heat graph, what do the flat lines represent?
state change
What state of stability do atoms go from and go to when they become an ion?
high engy. = unstable
low engy = stable
What is Metallic bonding?
bond betwn. metal & metal
What are 3 properties of a metal?
- good condct. of heat & electricity
- hard & strong
- high melting & boiling points
What are metals hard & strong?
electrostatic attractions betwn. are strong & require lots of engy to overcome
Why do metals have high melting & boiling points?
electrostatic attractions are strong & require lots engy to overcome
Describe the structure of a metal.
giant structure of reguarly arrangd. positive metal ions surrnd. by delocalised electrons
Can metals conduct electricity?Why?
yes - have delocalised electrons that can move to pass on heat & charge through structure
What are the electrostatic attractions in a metal between?
positive ions & delocalised ions
What is Ionic bonding?
btwn. metal & non - metal
What happens in Ionic bonding?
metal transfers electrons -> non - metal = full outer shell for both
What are the properties of giant ionic lattice?
- high melting/boiling points
- solid giant ionic lattices can’t conduct electricity
Why do giant ionic lattices have high melting/boiling points?
- have lots of electrostatic attractions
- btwn oppositely charged ions
- require significant energy to overcome
Why can solid giant ionic lattices not conduct electricity?
- charged particles cannot move
- current cannot flow
How are giant ionic lattices able to conduct electricty? Why?
molten or in aquesous solution
- charge particles can move = current can flow
