C3 - Structure And Bonding Flashcards
What is Covalent Bonding?
Sharing pair(s) of electrons between non-metal atoms.
What is Ionic Bonding?
Transferring electrons, (between metal and no-metal atoms) were the atoms lose or gain electrons to form charged particles (ions).
What are Ions?
A charged particle.
Sodium has 2,8,1 stabalise it using Ionic Bonding ?
Na[2,8]+
Na (2,8,1) + Cl (2,8,7) stabalise it with ionic bomding.
Na [2,8]+ + Cl [2,8,8]-
Group 1 want form what ions?
+1 ions
Group 5 want to form what ions?
-3 ions
Group 7 want to form what ions?
1- ions
Calcium atom is 2,8,8,2 and Chlorine atom is 2,8,7 balance this equation.
Ca [2,8,8)2+ Cl [2,8,8]-
Cl [2,8,8]-
Chlorine gains 1 but calcium needs to get rid of 2 so 2 Chlorine atoms are needed.
What is graphene?
A single layer of graphite one atom thick.
What are Fullerenes?
Molecuoes of carbon atoms with hollow shapes, usually spherical. Fullerenes can be used as lubricants for example giving drug to the body.
What are Carbon Nanotubes?
They are cylindrical fullerenes and they can be used as reinforcements such as in tennis rackets.
Why does it take a lot of energy to break Giant Ionic Structures?
It takes a lot of energy to break down the giant ionic lattice because there are lots of strong ionic bonds to break. To seperate the ions you have to overcome all those electrostatic forces of attraction acting in all directions.
When can ionic compounds conduct electricity?
When molten or disolved in water as there can then become mobile and carry the charge through the liquid.
Example of Giant Convalent Structures?
Diamond and Graphite
3 special properties of a Giant Convalent Strutures?
1) They have very high melting and boiling points
2) Insoluble in water
3) (apart from graphite) they are hard and do not conduct electricity
Why is Graphite soft and slippery?
There are no covalent bonds between the layers, meaning the layers can slide over eachother.
What are delocalised electrons?
The electrons in the ‘sea’ of free-moving electrons (outer most shell), they are not linked to the structure.
What does graphites Delocalised electrons allow? (Same with metals)
It is able to conduct electricity as the delocalised electrons will drift towards the postive terminals. It is also a great heat conductor as the delocalised electrons will move around faster transfering energy around the material quicker.
Why are particles made up as metals described as postivily charged?
Because there are more protons than electrons in the structure as they lose their outer shell elctron(s) into the delocalised electrons.
What is a alloy?
Is a mixture of two or more elements, one at least a metal.
What does mallulable mean?
Metal can be hammered or stretched into a different shape wtihout braking.
Why are metals Ductile?
Metal can be drawn into wires as the layer of atoms can slide over eachother.
How can a alloy make a metal harder?
If you distrupt the postive charged ions then it will be harder for the layer to move.
