C3 - Structure And Bonding

Question 1

3 states of matter?

Answer 1

Solid, liquid, gas

Question 2

Limitations of the particle model?

Answer 2

Assumes that particles are made up of solid spheres with no forces acting between them.

Question 3

What happens in melting and boiling?

Answer 3

Energy is transferred from the surroundings, to the substance.

Question 4

What happens in freezing and condensing?

Answer 4

Energy is transferred from the substance to the surroundings.

Question 5

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 5

Bonding between a metal and a non metal.

Question 6

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 6

Bonding between 2 metals.

Question 7

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 7

Bonding between 2 non metals.

Question 8

How does ionic bonding work?

Answer 8

By transferring electrons to form 2 oppositely charged ions, which are strongly attracted to each other.

Question 9

How does covalent bonding work?

Answer 9

Atoms share electrons to gain full outer shells.

Question 10

What charge to metal ions have?

Answer 10

Positive.

Question 11

What ions do;
• Group 1
• Group 2 
• Group 3
• Group 4
• Group 5
• Group 6
• Group 7
Form?

Answer 11

• 1+
• 2+
• 3+
• DON’T FORM IONS
• -3
• -2
• -1

Question 12

Why do covalent bonds form?

Answer 12

Because atoms need full outer shells to become stable.

Question 13

When can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Why?

Answer 13

When they are molten or dissolved.
Because only then can their ions become mobile and can carry the charge, because of the strong intermolecular forces between the ions.

Question 14

What state are ionic compounds at room temperature?

Answer 14

Solid

Question 15

How are giant ionic compounds arranged?

Answer 15

A lattice of ions.

Question 16

What are the melting and boiling points of simple molecules?

Why?

Answer 16

Low.

Be abuse of the weak intermolecular forces.

Question 17

Can simple molecules conduct electricity?

Why?

Answer 17

No because they do not have an overall charge.

Question 18

Why do giant covelant substances have a high melting and boiling points?

Answer 18

Because it takes a lot of energy to break the string covalent bonds.

Question 19

Why can graphite conduct thermal energy and electricity?

Answer 19

Because of the delocalised electrons that are free to move along the layers.

Question 20

Properties of giant covalent substances?

Answer 20

• High melting and boiling point
• insoluble in water
• cannot conduct electricity ( apart from graphite)

Question 21

Properties of carbon nanotubes?

Answer 21

• high tensile strength

- high electrical conductivity - bonding like in graphite

Question 22

Uses of fullerenes?

Answer 22

• drug deliver in the body
• catalysts
• reinforcement materials for composite materials

Question 23

What is graphene?

Answer 23

A single layer of graphite - one atom thick

Question 24

How are the atoms arranged in a metal?

Answer 24

Closely packed together and arranged in regular layers

Question 25

How does metallic bonding occur?

Answer 25

The strong electrostatic force between the metal iron and the delocalised free electron from the outermost shell of the atom. The electrons are free to move throughout the giant lattice.

Question 26

Why are alloys harder then non metals?

Answer 26

Because the regular layers of the metal are distorted by the different sized atoms of an alloy.

Question 27

Why can metals be pulled out, bent and distorted?

Answer 27

Because the layers of atoms in the giant metallic structure can slide over each other.

Question 28

Why can metals conduct electricity?

Answer 28

Because of the sea of delocalised electrons.

Question 29

In a covalent substance, the larger the molecules are….

Which means…..

Answer 29

The stronger the intermolecular forces between the molecules are.

They have higher melting and boiling points.

Question 30

Going down group 7, the molecules…… and the melting/boiling points….

Answer 30

Get larger,

Increase

Question 31

What state of matter are giant covalent substances at room temperature?

Why?

Answer 31

Solid.

Because lots of energy is required to break the strong covalent bonds.

Question 32

What are the properties of nanotubes?

Uses of them?

Answer 32

• very high length : diameter ratio
• high tensile strength
• light

Nanotechnology, electronics and materials, lubricants, reinforcing materials (tennis rackets)

Question 33

What is nano science?

Answer 33

The study of very small structures.

Question 34

Coarse particles have….

Answer 34

A high SA:V ratio

Question 35

How many atoms in a nanoparticle?

Answer 35

A few hundred.

Question 36

Nanoparticles are….

Answer 36

Sensitive to light, heat and magnetism.

Question 37

Research in nanoparticles is leading to the development of…. (5)

Answer 37

• new drug delivery systems
• synthetic skin for burn victims
• computers and technology
• catalysts for fuel cells
• stronger and lighter

Question 38

Why is diamond a poor electrical conductor?

Answer 38

Because it contains no charges particles.