C2 - The Periodic Table Flashcards
How is the periodic table arranged?
In an order where similar elements are grouped together.
What did Mendeleev’s periodic table leave space for?
I discovered elements
What determines an elements place of the periodic table?
It’s atomic (proton) number.
What determines an elements chemical properties?
The number of electrons in the outer shell.
Metals tend to….. where as non metals tend to….
Loose electrons, gain electrons
Why are the noble gases so unreactive?
Because of their stable electronic arrangement. (8 electrons in outer shell/full outer shell)
What are the group 1 elements called?
Alkali metals
What happens to the melting/boiling points of alkali metals as you go down the group?
Decrease.
What is formed when any alkali metal reacts with water?
Hydrogen and an alkaline solution containing the metal oxide.
What ions do alkali metals form?
1+
As you go down the group of A. Metals….
The reactivity increases.
Group 7?
Halogens
What ions do halogens form?
-1
A more reactive halogen can….
Replace a less reactive halogen from a solution of one of its salts.
As you go down the halogen group, the reactivity….
Decreases.
Electrostatic attraction Between electrons and nucleus depends on… (3)
- The distance between outer electron and nucleus.
- Number of shells occupied
- Number of protons in the nucleus.
Compared with the alkali metals, transition metals have….
They are…
Much higher melting and boiling points and densities.
Stronger, harder and less reactive.
What do transition metals not react vigorously with?
Water and oxygen.
What often are transition metal compounds?
Coloured.
What can tradition metal compounds be used for?
Industrial catalysts.
Copper reacts (mainly) with…
Oxygen
Why does the reactivity of Group 1 (alkali metals) elements increase as you go down the group? (6)
- Because they form +1 ions as they generally loose an electron
- As you go down the group, the number of protons increases, so the mass of the atom also increases
- So the nuclear charge of the atom is greater
- As there is more shells, the electrostatic force between the nucleus and the electron is weaker
- And there is more shielding
- So the electron is lost more easily
Structure for a describing trends in reactivity? (6)
- Ions formed
- Trend
- Increase in size of atom and nuclear charge
- Distance
- Force
- Shielding
