C3 Structure And Bonding Flashcards
What are the 3 states of matter and their state symbols?
Solid(s), liquid(l), gas(g)
What happens when 2 oppositely charged ions approach each other?
They attract
What charge will a group 1 metal have ?
A 1+ charge
What charge will a group 2 metal have?
A 2+ charge
What charge will a group 6 non-metal have?
A 2-
What charge will a group 7 non-metal have?
A 1- charge
What structure do ionic bonds have?
Giant ionic lattices
What do ionic compounds do in water?
They dissolve
Describe the melting points of ionic compounds.
They have high melting points.
When can ionic compounds be able to conduct electricity?
When molten or dissolved in water
Why do ionic compounds have a high melting point?
This is because it takes a lot of energy to overcome the strong electrostatic. force between the ions
Why can ionic compounds not conduct electricity when solid?
Because there are no delocalised electrons that can carry charges.
Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or in solution?
When an ionic substance is dissolved in solution or molten the ionic lattice is broken down allowing the ions to move freely which allows them to carry charges.
Which elements does ionic bonding happen to ?
A non-metal and a metal
Describe a covalent bond.
A covalent bond is where 2 or more non-metals bond together and share their electrons
In terms of electronic structure how does a covalent bond form?
It is formed by a shared pair of electrons between 2 or more non-metals.
Describe a double bond in a diatomic molecule.
In diatomic oxygen the oxygen atoms each have 6 valence electrons and by sharing 2 pairs of electrons with the other oxygen this forms a double bond.
How are the properties of a double bond different than the properties of a single covalent bond?
A double bond has a higher melting and boiling point
Describe the melting and boiling point of small molecules.
The melting and boiling points are low
Why do small molecules not conduct electricity?
Because there are no delocalised electrons
What are intermolecular forces?
These are the attractive and repulsive forces that occur between molecules.
How does the size of molecules affect melting and boiling points?
Larger molecules generally have higher melting and boiling points compared to smaller molecules.
Why can small molecules not be able to conduct electricity?
Their electrons are in covalent bonds so there are no delocalised electrons.
What substances would have weak intermolecular forces?
Molecular substances