C2 Periodic Table Flashcards
List the significant models for ordering the elements.
John Newlands
Dimitri Mendeleev
State how the elements are ordered in the periodic table.
They are ordered by atomic number.
How are the elements arranged?
They are arranged in groups and periods in the periodic table.
Why was the periodic table a breakthrough in how to order elements?
The periodic table was a breakthrough in how to order elements because it shows how elements with similar properties occur at regular intervals.
Explain why the ordering of the elements has changed over time.
The ordering of the elements has changed over time to explain new scientific evidence, such as the noble gases being discovered.
What is a group in the periodic table?
A group is a vertical column with elements that have the same chemical properties.
What is a period in the periodic table?
A period is a horizontal column, elements within the same period contain the same number of shells.
How is electronic structure linked to the periodic table?
The electronic structure defines where an element is in the periodic table.
What is the reactivity of noble gases?
Nothing as they are inert - unreactive.
Explain in terms of electronic structure how the elements are arranged.
Elements are arranged in groups and periods. The groups mean how many electrons are in the valence shell and the period means how many shells an element has.
Explain why noble gases are unreactive.
They have a full outer shell making them stable.
Explain the trend in the boiling points of noble gases.
The boiling point of noble gases increases as you go down the group
What are the densities of the Group 1 metals?
They have low densities.
Explain why the elements in Group 1 react similarly and why the first three elements float on water.
The elements in Group 1 react similarly because they are in the same group meaning that they have similar chemical properties - they have one valence electron.
The first 3 Group 1 metals float on water because they are less dense than water.
When a Group 1 metal reacts with a non metal what happens?
The group 1 metal forms an ion with a +1 charge.
Justify how Group 1 metals are stored and the safety precautions used when dealing with them in water.
They are stored in mineral oil or paraffin oil so that no air can reach the metal.
When taking the element out of the oil make sure to pat it dry with a paper towel.
The experiment must be done fast as the Group 1 metals oxidise quickly.
A safety screen should be used when handling with highly reactive Group 1 metals like potassium.
What did John Newlands Discover?
The law of octaves - every 8th element was similar.
How did Dimitri Mendeleev order his periodic table?
By increasing relative atomic mass.
What did Dimitri do to his Periodic table and why did he do it?
He left gaps in his periodic table because he thought that there are undiscovered elements - he could also predict the properties of them.
