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HRAY SCIENCE GCSE > C3 structure and bonding > Flashcards

C3 structure and bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 types of bonding

A

covalent ionic and metallic

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2
Q

what is ionic bonding

A

compounds formed from metals combined
with non-metals.

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3
Q

what is covalent bonding

A

two non-metal atoms share a pair of electrons

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4
Q

what is metallic bonding

A

the electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons

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5
Q

what happens in ionic bonding

A

transfer of electron to the outer shell
both atoms become ions because they have full outer shells
the ions are oppositely charges which attract each other by electrostatic forces to form an ionic compound

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6
Q

what is an ionic compound

A

a giant structure of ions

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7
Q

how are ionic compounds held together

A

strong electrostatic forces of attraction between
oppositely charged ions these forces act in all directions in the
lattice and this is called ionic bonding

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8
Q

what are some of the properties of ionic compounds

A

high melting and boiling points
do not conduct electricity when solid because the ions cannot move
do not conduct electricity when molten

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9
Q

what structures have giant covalent bonding

A

diamond graphite and silicon

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10
Q

what is an intermolecular force

A

forces of attraction between the molecules

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11
Q

what are the 3 states of matter

A

solid liquid and gas

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12
Q

how much energy is needed to change state

A

The amount of energy needed to change state from solid to liquid and from liquid to gas depends on the strength of the forces between the particles of the substance

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13
Q

state the 3 limitations of the particle model

A

the forces between the particles
the volume of the particles
the space between the particles

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14
Q

what does aqueous mean

A

dissolved in water

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15
Q

what happens when a substance changes state

A

the particle stay the same

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16
Q

how do solid particles move

A

they vibrate around fixed proportions

17
Q

how do liquid particles move

A

flow around each other

18
Q

how do gas particles move

A

very quickly in all directions

19
Q

name 2 things a pure substance will do

A

melt and freeze at 1 specific temperature the melting point
boil and condense at 1 specific temperature the boiling point

20
Q

what is a polymer

A

large molecule made up of repeating subunits known as monomers

21
Q

how are atoms arranged in pure metals

A

atoms are arranged in layers, which allows metals
to be bent and shaped.

22
Q

why are alloys harder than pure metals

A

in an alloy, there are atoms of different sizes.
The smaller or bigger atoms distort the layers of atoms in the pure metal.
This means that a greater force is required for the layers to slide over each other

23
Q

why are metals good conductors of electricity

A

the delocalized electrons in the metal carry electrical charge through the metal.

24
Q

why are metals good conductors of thermal energy

A

the delocalized electrons transfer the energy

25
Q

what are the properties of diamond

A

diamond is very hard,
very high melting point
does not conduct electricity ( no charged particles)

26
Q

what are the properties of graphite

A

each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds with
three other carbon atoms, forming layers of hexagonal rings which have no covalent bonds between the layers.
layers are held together by weak intermolecular forces
In graphite, one electron from each carbon atom is delocalised
conducts heat and electricity
very high melting point

27
Q

what is graphene

A

a form of carbon and a single layer of graphite

28
Q

what are the properties of graphite

A

arranged in a hexagonal structure (1 atom thick)
very strong
good thermal and electrical conductor
nearly transparent

29
Q

what are fullerenes

A

Fullerenes are molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes

30
Q

describe the structure of fullerenes

A

hexagonal rings of carbon atoms but they may also contain rings with five or seven carbon atoms.

31
Q

what was the first fullerene to be discovered

A

The first fullerene to be discovered was Buckminsterfullerene (C60) which has a spherical shape. joined together in a series of pentagons and hexagons

32
Q

what are carbon nanotubes

A

cylindrical fullerenes

33
Q

what can fullerenes be used for

A

deliver drugs in the body
lubricants
catalysts
reinforcing materials

HRAY SCIENCE GCSE (6 decks)

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