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CC-2224 Chemistry Paper 1 Topics > C3(Structure And Bonding) > Flashcards

C3(Structure And Bonding) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 states of matter

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

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2
Q

What is arrangement of particles in a solid

A

-Particles have a fixed shape and volume and are in a fixed position
-Particles vibrate

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3
Q

What is the arrangement of particles in a liquid

A

-Liquids have a fixed volume but can flow and change their shape
-particles slip and slide over each other

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4
Q

What is the arrangement of particles in a gas

A

-Gases have no fixed shape or volume
-They can be compressed
-Particles move very quickly in all directions as the particles bash against the walls of the container, they exert a force that causes pressure

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5
Q

The energy from melting and boiling is ….

A

Transferred from the surroundings to the substance

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6
Q

The energy from freezing and condensing is ….

A

Transferred from the substance to the surroundings

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7
Q

The elements in group 1 react with the elements in group 7 as they react …

A

-Atoms of group 1 elements can each lose one electron to gain the stable electronic structure of a noble gas
-This electron can be given to an atom from group 7 which also achieves the stable electronic structure of a noble gas

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8
Q

representing ionic bonding

A
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9
Q

What are the properties of ionic compounds

A

-High melting and boiling points as it takes a lot of energy to break the ionic bonds
-strong electrostatic forces of attraction
-They are solid at room temperature

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10
Q

What are the properties of an ionic solid

A

-Ions are fixed in position in a giant lattice
-They vibrate but cannot move around
-It does not conduct electricity

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11
Q

What are the properties of a molten ionic compound

A

-High temperature provides enough energy to overcome the many strong attractive forces between ions
-Ions are free to move around within the molten compound therefore these ions can carry charge through the liquid therefore conducting electricity

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12
Q

What are the properties of an ionic compound in solution

A

-Water molecules separate ions from the lattice therefore ions are free to move around within the solution therefore conducting electricity

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13
Q

Representing simple covalent bonding

A
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14
Q

What are the properties of simple covalent molecules

A

-low melting and boiling points as they have weak intermolecular forces
-Doesn’t conduct electricity

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15
Q

Polymers are …

A

Many small reactive molecules that bond to each other to form long chains

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16
Q

Representing polymers

A
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17
Q

What are intermolecular forces

A

The force of attraction between the individual molecules in a covalent substance

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18
Q

What are the properties of giant covalent structures

A

-High melting and boiling points
-Insoluble in water
-Apart from graphite, they are hard and do not conduct electricity

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19
Q

What are the properties of graphite

A

-Carbon atoms only bond to three other carbon atoms, they form hexagons which are arranged in giant layers
-There are no covalent bonds between the layers therefore the layers can slide over each other easily
-Conduct electricity and thermal energy because of the delocalised electrons that can move along its layers

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20
Q

What are the properties of diamond and silicon dioxide

A

-Carbon atoms bond to 4 other carbon atoms therefore making a rigid giant covalent structure which makes it a very hard substance
-Diamond and silica has no delocalised electrons therefore they don’t conduct electricity or thermal energy

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21
Q

Fullerenes are ….

A

Hollow shaped molecules of carbon

22
Q

What are carbon nanotubes

A

Cylindrical fullerenes

23
Q

What are the properties of carbon nanotubes

A

-High tensile strength
-High electrical conductivity and high thermal conductivity

24
Q

Fullerenes are used for …

A

-Drug delivery into the body
-Lubricants
-Catalysts because of the large surface area to volume ratio of their nano particles

25
Q

Graphene is ….

A

A single layer of graphite and so it is just one atom thick

26
Q

What are the properties of Graphene

A

-Excellent conductor of thermal energy and electricity
-Has a very low density
-is the most reactive form of carbon

27
Q

Graphene can be used to …

A

-Make quicker and more powerful computer chips

28
Q

The atoms in metals are …

A

Closely packed together and arranged in regular layers

29
Q

In metallic bonding Strong electrostatic attraction…

A

Between the negatively charged electrons and the positively charged ions bond the metal ions to each other

30
Q

Representing metallic bonding

A
31
Q

An Alloy is

A

A mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal

32
Q

What are properties of giant metallic structures

A

-High melting points as the electrostatic forces of attraction extend in all directions therefore it takes a lot of energy to separate the metal ions from their fixed positions and break down the lattice, melting the metal
-Malleable
-Good conductors of thermal energy and electricity because their delocalised electrons can readily flow through the giant metallic lattice

33
Q

Alloys are …

A

Harder than pure metals because the regular layers in a pure metal are distorted by atoms of different sizes in an alloy

34
Q

In metallic bonding Metals can be …

A

Bent and shaped because the layers of atoms (or positively charged ions) in a giant metallic structure can slide over each other

35
Q

1 nanometer is ….

A
36
Q

What are the properties of Nanoparticles

A

-High surface area to volume ratio with a high percentage of their atoms exposed at their surface

37
Q

The use of Nanoparticles

A

-Instead of bulk materials should mean that smaller quantities are needed
-Their high surface area and to volume ratio makes them much more reactive than materials with normal particle sizes, this results in a more sustainable approach in industry as less resources are used up
-Glass can be coated with titanium oxide Nanoparticles to break down dirt that lands on the window
-Used in sunscreens and face creams

38
Q

Possible risks of Nanoparticles are …

A

-Their large surface area makes them dangerous as if a spark is made by accident there could be a violent explosion
-Breathing in tiny particles could damage the lungs
-Nanoparticles could enter the blood stream and have unpredictable effects on our cells

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CC-2224 Chemistry Paper 1 Topics (8 decks)

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