C3 - Structure and Bonding Flashcards
What is the particle arrangement in a solid?
-Fixed shape and volume
What is the particle arrangement in a liquid?
-Fixed volume but they can flow and change shape
What is the particle arrangement in a gas?
-No fixed shape or volume
What is an ion?
-An atom/molecule that has a different number of electrons than protons, so it has a charge
How are cations formed?
-Loses electrons = Less electrons = positive charge = cation
How are anions formed?
-Gains electrons = More electrons = negative charge = anion
What are the properties of ionic bonds?
- Ionic binds (positive attracts negative) are very strong
- It takes a lot of energy to break them apart
- They therefore have very high melting points
When do ionic bonds conduct?
-Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity as a solid, but do when molten or when dissolved in water (i.e., when the ions can move)
What reacts in a covalent bond?
-Covalent bonding occurs between two non-metal elements.
Small covalent molecules have a simple structure. What are the properties of these?
- Low melting and boiling points.
- Usually gas or liquid at room temperature.
Why do materials conduct?
-They have a delocalised electron(s) so room for electricity to move
What does a metallic bond include?
-Two metal elements
