C3 Renal Function

Question 1

How many nephrons does each kidney have?

Answer 1

1-1.5 million

Question 2

nephron

Answer 2

functional unit of the kidney

Question 3

What is the nephron responsible for?

Answer 3

removal of waste products & re absorption of nutrients

Question 4

Juxtamedullary nephron’s primary function is?

Answer 4

concentration of urine

Question 5

Urine is the filtrate of?

Answer 5

blood

Question 6

Factors that affect urine formation?

Answer 6

renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, & tubular secretion

Question 7

renal blood flow

Answer 7

kidneys need blood pumped to them

Question 8

glomerular filtration

Answer 8

initial filtration of water & small molecules

Question 9

tubular reabsorption

Answer 9

movement of molecules back in to the blood

Question 10

tubular secretion

Answer 10

movement of molecules in to the urine

Question 11

glomerulus

Answer 11

cluster of capillary lobes that stick into Bowman’s Capsule

Question 12

Blood flow into the kidney’s is regluated by the?

Answer 12

Renin-Angiostensin-Aldosterone system

Question 13

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

Answer 13

regulates flow of blood to & within the glomerulus, responds to changes in bp & plasma sodium content

Question 14

Renin

Answer 14

secreted & reacts with angiotesinogen to produce inert hormone angiotensin I

Question 15

Angiotensin I

Answer 15

converted by angiotensin-coverting enzyme to the active form angiotensin II

Question 16

Angiotensin II

Answer 16

corrects renal blood flow, causing vasodilation, stimulating reaborption of sodium and water, triggering release of the sodium-retaining hormone aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone

Question 17

active transport

Answer 17

substance must combine with a carrier protein to be reabsorbed

Question 18

passive transport

Answer 18

movement of molecules across the membrane due to differences in their concentration or electrical potential called gradients

Question 19

What are the Vasa Recta?

Answer 19

small blood vessels that run along side the Loop of Henle, but flow in the opposite direction

Question 20

The “opposite plumbing” is called?

Answer 20

Counter-Current Multiplier

Question 21

ADH hormone regulates?

Answer 21

water absorption in the collecting tubules

Question 22

alcohol inhibits?

Answer 22

ADH

Question 23

High ADH hormone makes the distal tubules and collecting tubes ____ to water

Answer 23

permeable

Question 24

Glomerular Filtration Tests

Answer 24

measures the rate at which the kidneys (glomeruli) remove a substance out of blood & into the urine filtrate, substance must be filtered through the glomeruli and not absorbed or secreted by the tubules

Question 25

Creatinine

Answer 25

naturally occuring substance that is a waste product of muslce (purine) catabolism

Question 26

Osmolarity

Answer 26

measurement of total concentration of dissolved substances, only affect by the # of substances

Question 27

How is osmolality commonly measured?

Answer 27

freezing point depression & vapor pressure