C3 Chemicals In Our Lives - risks and benefits

Question 1

How do geological changes occur

Answer 1

Do you logical changes happen by small movements of tectonic plates. Plates can move by sliding past each other, colliding or pulling apart

Question 2

Tectonic plate

Answer 2

Section of earths crust that slowly moves relative to other plates

Question 3

What do plate collisions create

Answer 3

Plate collisions build mountain ranges, which Road overtime

Question 4

Explain the making of Britain

Answer 4

1. Over millions of years, Britain has moved across the earth surface
2. 600 million years ago, England and Wales were separated from Scotland by ocean, and both were near the South Pole
3. Gradually, different continents gifted and crashed together to form a supercontinent, Pangea
4. Britain is made from rocks from different ancient continents
5. Originally, Britain was near the Equator with a warmer climate
6. Different climates existed in Britain, from tropical swamps to ice ages

Question 5

Describe the stories in magnetism

Answer 5

1. As volcanic lava solidifies, igneous rocks are formed
2. Magnetic materials in the lather line up along the earth’s magnetic field
3. The earth’s magnetic field changes over time
4. Geologist can Dave rocks and track the slow movement of continents using changes in magnetic patterns, linked to radioactive decay
5. This evidence supports the plate tectonic theory

Question 6

Supercontinent

Answer 6

Very large landmass

Question 7

Lava

Answer 7

Molten rock (magma) from beneath the earth surface when it’s erupts from a volcano

Question 8

Igneous rock

Answer 8

Rock formed by the solidification of molten magma or lava

Question 9

Magnetic field

Answer 9

Space in which a magnetic material exerts a force

Question 10

Plate tectonic theory

Answer 10

The theory that explains how changes to the earth surface occur at tectonic plate boundaries

Question 11

Describe the three from materials buried in the earth’s crust

Answer 11

Rockstar role material sound buried in the earth’s crust. Coal, salt and lime stone are three important raw materials

Question 12

Scribe the distribution of the role materials in England

Answer 12

1. 200 years ago the industrial revolution started in north-west England. Chemical industries build up near to raw materials and transport links
2. There was coal in South Lancashire, salt in Cheshire and limestone in the peak district. The Port of Liverpool and the canal system provided good transport links

Question 13

How did limestone form in Britain

Answer 13

Limestone formed wall England was covered by sea:

1. Shellfish died forming sediments on the seabed
2. Sediments compacted and hardened to form limestone, A sedimentary rock
3. Tectonic plate movement is pushed the rock to the surface
4. Gradually the rocks above where eroded away until the limestone was exposed

Question 14

Where did Coal form

Answer 14

Coal formed in wet swampy conditions when plants like trees and ferns died and became buried. This excluded oxygen, slowing down decay

Question 15

Where did salt form

Answer 15

Salt phoned while Cheshire was covered by shallow sea:

1. Rivers brought dissolved salts into the sea
2. Climate warming evaporated the water, leaving so that mixed with sand blown in by the wind
3. Rocksalt formed and was buried by other sediments

Question 16

Where did your ologists find evidence for limestone call and salt formation

Answer 16

Geologists have found evidence for limestone, coal and salt formation

1. Coal contains fossils of the plants that formed it.
2. Limestone contains bit of shell fragments from sea creatures.
3. Rock salt contains different shaped water eroded grains and wind eroded grains.
4. Ripple Marks in rocks indicate what flow from rivers or waves in the sea

Question 17

What is salt used in

Answer 17

The food industry; as a source of chemicals; to treat icy roads in winter

Question 18

Where can salt be obtained from

Answer 18

Collecting and evaporating seawater; mining underground deposit of rocksalt

Question 19

Why is rocksalt spread on icy roads

Answer 19

1. The rock is insoluble but the sand in the rock gives grip
2. It shows up so people know when roads have been gritted
3. The salt insolation lowers the freezing point, preventing ice forming as easily

Question 20

Name the rock salt mine in Britain and what it does

Answer 20

1. Only one rock salt mine exists Britain (in Cheshire). It mines 1 million tons a year
2. If more salt is needed it is usually imported
3. Salt extraction from seawater is only economical in hot climates
4. Purer salt can be obtained by solution mining, which is mainly automatic

Question 21

What are the disadvantages of mining rock salt

Answer 21

1. Mining rocksalt and solution mining can cause subsidence. About half the rock salt could not be made, as it is left in place for support
2. Mining can allow water in mines, which may let salt leach out into water supplies, contaminating them
3. Evaporating salt from seawater takes up a large areas and spread salt into the local environment, damaging habitats

Question 22

What are the risks of eating salt in food

Answer 22

1. Salt is used in food both as a flavouring and as a preservative
2. A higher salt level prevent bacteria growth
3. Too much salt is bad for your health
4. Many people add worried about salt intake, which can Cause high blood pressure m, heart failure and strokes
5. This means salt is classified as a hazard

Question 23

How are the salt risks handled

Answer 23

1. A risk is the chance of getting ill, and the consequences if you did
2. Risks can be estimated by measuring salt intake
3. Food labels show the amount of salt contained in the product
4. Knowing the risk allows you to make decisions

Question 24

What does the government do about the salt intake

Answer 24

The government Department of health (DH) and the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) are responsible for carrying out risk assessment for chemicals in food and advising the public about how food affects health

Question 25

Alkalis and indicators

Answer 25

Alkalis make indicators change colour. Litmus turns blue in alkalis and red in acids

Question 26

Alkalis

Answer 26

A chemical compound which when dissolved in water gives a pH reading of over 7 and turns litmus blue

Question 27

Indicator

Answer 27

In chemistry, a substance that shows the presence of an acid or an alkali by a change in colour

Question 28

Salt

Answer 28

An ionic compound that formed when an ached neutralises a base

Question 29

Neutralisation

Answer 29

Reaction between an acid and a base (H^+ ions and OH^- ions), to make a salt and water

Question 30

What is the word equation for neutralisation

Answer 30

Acid + alkali ➡️ salt + water

Question 31

Why are alkalis used for

Answer 31

Dying cloth, neutralising acid soil, making soap, making glass

Question 32

What were used in the past as sources of alkalis

Answer 32

Stale urine, ash burnt from wood

Question 33

Alkalis in the 1900s

Answer 33

Due to increase industrialisation, by the 1900s demand for alkalis outstripped supply

Question 34

What do geologists do

Answer 34

Study rocks to see how the earths surface has changed. They look at how rocks form how they change, and when changes happened