C3: Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What does the equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy via heat and ATP represent?
The process of aerobic cellular respiration
What does the term aerobic mean in this context?
It means the oxygen is used in this process.
How many biochemical reactions are involved in this process?
Approximately 20 biochemical reactions, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme
Question: What is the process depicted in the equation an example of?
Answer: A redox reaction.
Question: What is the oxidizing agent used in this process?
Answer: Oxygen.
Question: Is the overall process depicted in the equation exergonic or endergonic?
Answer: Exergonic, as it releases energy.
Question: How are nutrients like glucose oxidized in this process?
Answer: Hydrogen atoms and their electrons are lost from glucose and combined with oxygen to form water.
Question: What happens to the valence electrons during the aerobic oxidation of glucose?
Answer: They move from a higher free energy state to a lower free energy state in carbon dioxide and water.
Question: Does the overall change in this process result in an increase or decrease in potential energy?
Answer: It results in a decrease in potential energy.
Question: What happens to entropy during the process of aerobic cellular respiration?
Answer: Entropy increases.
Question: Where does the process of glycolysis occur?
Answer: In the cytoplasm.
Question: Is glycolysis an aerobic or anaerobic process?
Answer: It is an anaerobic process and does not require oxygen.
Question: How many steps are there in glycolysis?
Answer: There are 10 steps in glycolysis.
What molecule is split into three carbon units during glycolysis?
Answer: Fructose 1,6-biphosphate.
Question: How many NADH molecules are produced in total during glycolysis?
Answer: Two NADH molecules.
Question: How many ATP molecules are produced from substrate level phosphorylation during glycolysis?
Answer: Two ATP molecules.
Question: Where does the process of aerobic cellular respiration take place?
Answer: Within the mitochondria.
Question: Name the three stages of aerobic cellular respiration that occur in mitochondria.
Answer: Pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Question: Do prokaryotic cells have mitochondria?
Answer: No, prokaryotic cells only carry out cellular respiration in their cytoplasm.
Question: What are the folds of the inner membrane of mitochondria called?
Answer: Cristae.
Question: What are the two compartments created by the inner membrane of mitochondria?
Answer: The matrix and the intermembrane space.
Question: What process removes the nitrogen group from amino acids?
Answer: Deamination.
Question: Where do proteins feed into the metabolic pathways?
Answer: Depending on the molecule type, they can feed into either the end of glycolysis as pyruvate or the Krebs cycle.
Question: How are lipids and fats broken down?
Answer: They are broken down into two fatty acids, which eventually produce acetyl coenzyme A.
Question: What are the metabolic waste products of the Krebs cycle?
Answer: Water and carbon dioxide.
Question: What is the limiting factor in glycolysis?
Answer: NAD plus.
Question: What happens to the conversion of NADH to NAD plus in the absence of oxygen?
Answer: It is prevented from happening via the electron transport chain.
Question: Where are the hydrogen atoms of molecules transferred in eukaryotes?
Answer: They are transferred to certain organic molecules in either ethanol fermentation or lactate fermentation.
Question: What happens to the hydrogen atoms in ethanol fermentation and lactate fermentation?
Answer: They are passed to acetaldehyde, which is then converted into either ethanol or lactate.
Question: What happens to NADH during ethanol fermentation or lactate fermentation?
Answer: It is oxidized to NAD plus, allowing glycolysis to continue.
