C3: Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What does the equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy via heat and ATP represent?

Answer 1

The process of aerobic cellular respiration

Question 2

What does the term aerobic mean in this context?

Answer 2

It means the oxygen is used in this process.

Question 3

How many biochemical reactions are involved in this process?

Answer 3

Approximately 20 biochemical reactions, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme

Question 4

Question: What is the process depicted in the equation an example of?

Answer 4

Answer: A redox reaction.

Question 5

Question: What is the oxidizing agent used in this process?

Answer 5

Answer: Oxygen.

Question 6

Question: Is the overall process depicted in the equation exergonic or endergonic?

Answer 6

Answer: Exergonic, as it releases energy.

Question 7

Question: How are nutrients like glucose oxidized in this process?

Answer 7

Answer: Hydrogen atoms and their electrons are lost from glucose and combined with oxygen to form water.

Question 8

Question: What happens to the valence electrons during the aerobic oxidation of glucose?

Answer 8

Answer: They move from a higher free energy state to a lower free energy state in carbon dioxide and water.

Question 9

Question: Does the overall change in this process result in an increase or decrease in potential energy?

Answer 9

Answer: It results in a decrease in potential energy.

Question 10

Question: What happens to entropy during the process of aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 10

Answer: Entropy increases.

Question 11

Question: Where does the process of glycolysis occur?

Answer 11

Answer: In the cytoplasm.

Question 12

Question: Is glycolysis an aerobic or anaerobic process?

Answer 12

Answer: It is an anaerobic process and does not require oxygen.

Question 13

Question: How many steps are there in glycolysis?

Answer 13

Answer: There are 10 steps in glycolysis.

Question 14

What molecule is split into three carbon units during glycolysis?

Answer 14

Answer: Fructose 1,6-biphosphate.

Question 15

Question: How many NADH molecules are produced in total during glycolysis?

Answer 15

Answer: Two NADH molecules.

Question 16

Question: How many ATP molecules are produced from substrate level phosphorylation during glycolysis?

Answer 16

Answer: Two ATP molecules.

Question 17

Question: Where does the process of aerobic cellular respiration take place?

Answer 17

Answer: Within the mitochondria.

Question 18

Question: Name the three stages of aerobic cellular respiration that occur in mitochondria.

Answer 18

Answer: Pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 19

Question: Do prokaryotic cells have mitochondria?

Answer 19

Answer: No, prokaryotic cells only carry out cellular respiration in their cytoplasm.

Question 20

Question: What are the folds of the inner membrane of mitochondria called?

Answer 20

Answer: Cristae.

Question 21

Question: What are the two compartments created by the inner membrane of mitochondria?

Answer 21

Answer: The matrix and the intermembrane space.

Question 22

Question: What process removes the nitrogen group from amino acids?

Answer 22

Answer: Deamination.

Question 23

Question: Where do proteins feed into the metabolic pathways?

Answer 23

Answer: Depending on the molecule type, they can feed into either the end of glycolysis as pyruvate or the Krebs cycle.

Question 24

Question: How are lipids and fats broken down?

Answer 24

Answer: They are broken down into two fatty acids, which eventually produce acetyl coenzyme A.

Question 25

Question: What are the metabolic waste products of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 25

Answer: Water and carbon dioxide.

Question 26

Question: What is the limiting factor in glycolysis?

Answer 26

Answer: NAD plus.

Question 27

Question: What happens to the conversion of NADH to NAD plus in the absence of oxygen?

Answer 27

Answer: It is prevented from happening via the electron transport chain.

Question 28

Question: Where are the hydrogen atoms of molecules transferred in eukaryotes?

Answer 28

Answer: They are transferred to certain organic molecules in either ethanol fermentation or lactate fermentation.

Question 29

Question: What happens to the hydrogen atoms in ethanol fermentation and lactate fermentation?

Answer 29

Answer: They are passed to acetaldehyde, which is then converted into either ethanol or lactate.

Question 30

Question: What happens to NADH during ethanol fermentation or lactate fermentation?

Answer 30

Answer: It is oxidized to NAD plus, allowing glycolysis to continue.