C3 Bonding Flashcards
What is Ionic Bonding
Electrostatic forces of attraction between cations and anions in a lattice
What are cations and anions
Cations are + ions
Anions are - ions
Larger ions means
Weaker bonding
Larger charges means
Stronger bonding
Properties of ionic substances include
High MP/BP
Soluble in water
Conduct electricity when aqueous or liquid
What is a covalent bond
When atoms share a pair of electrons
What is a dative covalent bond
where both electrons in a covalent bond are supplied by one atom
How is a dative covalent bond represented
Using an arrow ➡️
What is metallic bonding
Attraction between cations and delocalised electrons in a lattice
Examples of macromolecular structures
Graphite, diamond
What is electronegativity
Power of an atom to attract electron density towards itself in a covalent bond
How are permanent dipoles formed
Electron distribution in atoms with differences in electronegativity is unsymmetrical
What is VDW’s forces
Movement of electrons creates temporary dipoles which induces temporary dipoles in other molecules nearby. Creates electrostatic attraction.
What is dipole dipole interactions
Forces between 2 permanent dipoles
What is hydrogen bonding
Intermolecular Bonds between Hydrogen dipoles and N/O/F
Why is water more dense than ice
The hydrogen bonding in ice forces water molecules into hexagonal arrangement, which is more separated compared to liquid water
2 Bonded pairs, 0 lone pairs
Linear, 180°
3 bonded pairs, 0 lone pairs
Trigonal planar, 120°
4 bonded pairs, 0 lone pairs
Tetrahedral, 109.5°
3 bonded pairs, 1 lone pair
Trigonal pyramidal, 107°
2 Bonded pairs, 2 lone pairs
V Shaped, 104.5°
5 bonded pairs, 0 lone pairs
Trigonal bipyramidal, 90&120
6 bonded pairs, 0 lone pairs
Octahedral, 90°
