C3

Question 1

What cost factors are there of making a drug?

Answer 1

Materials needed
Research development and testing
Labour
Energy
Marketing

Question 2

What two types of materials can be used in drug making?

Answer 2

Synthetic or natural

Question 3

What are exoteric reactions?

Answer 3

Making bonds.

Question 4

What are endothermic reactions?

Answer 4

Breaking bonds

Question 5

What are the energy changes in bond making?

Answer 5

Release of energy

Question 6

What are the energy changes in bond breaking?

Answer 6

Uses energy to break bonds.

Question 7

What is the equation for finding heat energy from temperature change?

Answer 7

Energy transferred
—————— = specific heat capacity
Mass x Temp change

Question 8

Why does graphite conduct electricity?

Answer 8

It has free electrons so it is delocalised.

Question 9

What are the uses of buck instead fullerene and why?

Answer 9

When connected together they are strong. So can be used to reinforce graphite tennis racquets.

Question 10

Why do industries want a high percentage yield?

Answer 10

Most efficient
Little waste
Reduce cost

Question 11

Why do industry’s want a high atom economy?

Answer 11

Reduced waste product to me removed

Makes process more sustainable

Question 12

What is the criteria for a batch process?

Answer 12

Small scale, on demand
Variety of products
Labour intensive

Question 13

What are allotropes?

Answer 13

Different forms of the same element with atoms arranged in different structures.

Question 14

Name the 3 carbon allotropes

Answer 14

Diamond
Graphite
Buckminster fullerene (Bucky balls)

Question 15

How do find atom economy?

Answer 15

Mr of desired products
———————– x100
Sum of all Mr of products

Question 16

How does the limiting reactant affect a reaction?

Answer 16

Reactions stop once it is used up.

It determines the max amount of product that can be made.

Question 17

How is product mass affected by reactants?

Answer 17

More reactants to begin with, the greater amount of product formed.

Question 18

Hat is conservation of mass?

Answer 18

Total mass of products at the end of a reaction is equal to the total mass of reactants at the beginning.

Question 19

How does the rate of reaction change during a reaction?

Answer 19

Usually it begins are fast, then slowly curves to stopping completely.

Question 20

What happens at high speeds in a reaction?

Answer 20

Particles collide more frequently.

Question 21

What happens in a slow reaction?

Answer 21

Particles collide a lot less frequently.

Question 22

What is a catalyst?

Answer 22

A substance that changes Thrace of a chemical reaction.

Question 23

What happens when concentration is increased in a reaction?

Answer 23

In high concentration the particles will be close together. High collision rate.

Question 24

What happens when temperature is increased in a reaction?

Answer 24

Particles move faster with more kinetic energy, so collide more often.

Question 25

What happens if surface are of reactants is increased?

Answer 25

Larger SA, the faster the reaction. Here are more particles on the surface of other reactants to collide with.

Question 26

How do you find RRM or RFM

Answer 26

(1) write formula of compound.
(2) multiply no of atoms in each element by its Ar
(3) add them all up.

Question 27

Name two properties of diamond and explain how they relate to its structure:

Answer 27

Doesn’t conduct electricity: no free electrons, all carbon atoms are bond to 4 others.
Hard& high melting point: lots of strong covalent bonds, lots of energy needed to break them.