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Chemistry > C1 > Flashcards

C1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does finite mean?

A

It is being used up quicker than its being replaced.

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2
Q

What’s a slick?

A

Oil spills from a tanker in the sea. Oil floats on the surface.

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3
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A molecule that contains hydrogen and carbon atoms ONLY.

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4
Q

What is the 7 fractions in a fractional distillation column?

A 
Liquefied petroleum gas
Petrol
Paraffin
Diesel
Lubricating oil
Fuel oil
Bitumen
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5
Q

How can hydrocarbon molecules be described as?

A

Alkanes and alkenes.

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6
Q

Hat can alkene molecules be sued to make?

A

Polymers

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7
Q

How does cracking work?

A

Large alkane molecules are broken into smaller alkene molecules.

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8
Q

What are the three conditions needed for cracking?

A

High atmospheric pressure
High temperature
A catalyst.

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9
Q

In a hydrocarbon what forces are there?

A

Strong covalent bonds between atoms.

Weak intermolecular forces between molecules.

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10
Q

What does COMPLETE COMBUSTION produce?

A

Carbon dioxide and water.

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11
Q

What does INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION produce?

A

Carbon monoxide and water.

In VERY little oxygen: Carbon and water.m

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12
Q

What is the air Madura off?

A

78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
1% others ( 0.035% Carbon dioxide)

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13
Q

What else does the air contain?

A

Water vapour.

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14
Q

What are the elevens of gas controlled by?

A

Respiration
Combustion
Photosynthesis

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15
Q

How is sulfur dioxide made?

A

When fossil rums that contain sulfur Impurities are burned.

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16
Q

What does sulfur dioxide cause?

A

Acid rain

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17
Q

How are oxides of nitrogen formed?

A

Car engines.

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18
Q

What does oxides of nitrogen cause?

A

Photochemical smog and acid rain.

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19
Q

What 3 main human factors affect the balance of CO2?

A

Burning fossil fuels
Deforestation
Increase in world population

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20
Q

What does a catalytic converter do?

A

Converts Carbon monoxide into Carbon dioxide.

21
Q

What is the equation for a catalytic converter?

A

2CO + 2NO –> N2 + 2CO2

22
Q

If a hydrocarbon has only single covalent bonds, what is it called?

A

Alkane.

23
Q

What are alkanes described as?

A

Saturated hydrocarbons

24
Q

What are alkanes described as?

A

Unsaturated

25
Q

Is a hydrocarbon has one or more double Carbon-Carbon (C=C)covalent bonds, what is it known as?

A

Alkene

26
Q

What do alkanes do to bromine water?

A

No effect

27
Q

What do alkenes do to bromine water?

A

Decolourise it

28
Q

What conditions does joining alkenes to form a polymer need?

A

High pressure

Catalyst

29
Q

Nylon is:

A

Lightweight
Tough
Waterproof
Blocks UV light

30
Q

What is done to nylon to make it into Goretex?

A

Nylon fibres are coated with a membrane of PTFE

31
Q

What does Goretex have?

A

Much smaller holes in the fabric.

32
Q

What happens to protein when it is heated?

A

Molecules change shape. (Denature)

33
Q

What happens when potatoes and other vegetables are heated?

A
  1. Cell wall breaks down, cells become soft.
  2. Starch grains swell up and are released.
  3. This makes them easily digestible.
34
Q

What happens when sodium hydrogen carbonate (baking powder) is heated?

A

It decomposes to release Carbon dioxide.

35
Q

What is the equation of baking powder being heated?

A

Sodium hydrogen carbonate –> sodium carbonate + water + Carbon dioxide.

36
Q

If Carbon dioxide is present, what happens to limewater?

A

It changes form colourless to milky.

37
Q

What are 4 additives?

A

Antioxidants
Food colours
Flavour enhancers
Emulsifiers

38
Q

What is the hydrophilic end of an emulsifier?

A

The end that likes water.

39
Q

What is the hydrophobic end of an emulsifer?

A

The end that likes oil.

40
Q

What are the properties of perfume?

A 
Da orate easily
Not toxic
Not irritant
Non dissolvable in water
Non reactive with water
41
Q

What are soluble substances?

A

A substance that dissolves in a liquid.

42
Q

What is an insoluble substance?

A

A substance that don’t dissolve in a liquid.

43
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A liquid which a substance is dissolved.

44
Q

What is a solute?

A

A substance that gets dissolved.

45
Q

What is a solution?

A

What is produced when a solvent and solute is mixed.

46
Q

What is paint?

A

A collide.

47
Q

What is a binding medium?

A

An Oil that sticks the pigment to the surface.

48
Q

How does oil based paints dry?

A
  1. Solvent evaporates away.

2. The oil-binding medium reacts with oxygen in the air (oxidation reaction) to form a hard layer.

Chemistry (3 decks)

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