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PSA > C3 > Flashcards

C3 Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of hypernatraemia

A

drugs
dehydration
drip (IVI)
diabetes insipidus

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2
Q

Causes of hyponatraemia

A

ADH independent = RF
ADH independent = hypovolaemic (diuretics, GI losses), euvolaemic (SIADH, adrenal insufficiency), hypervolaemic (HF, LF, nephrotic syndrome)

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3
Q

Causes of hyperkalaemia

A

DREAD
drugs (K sparing / ACEi)
RF
Endocrine (Addison’s)
Artefact (haemolysed sample)
DKA

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4
Q

Causes of hypokalaemia

A

DIRE
drugs (thiazide / loop)
insufficient intake / losses (diarrhoea / vom)
renal tubular acidosis
endocrine (Cushing’s)

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5
Q

Microcytic anaemia causes

A

Iron def
Thalassaemia

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6
Q

Normocytic anaemia causes

A

Chronic disease
Haemorrhage
Haemolytic

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7
Q

Macrocytic anaemia causes

A

B12 / folate def
Alcohol XS
Liver disease

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8
Q

Cause of high neutrophils

A

Bacterial infection

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9
Q

Cause of low neutrophils

A

Viral infection
Clozapine
Carbimazole

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10
Q

Cause of high lymphocytes

A

Viral infection

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11
Q

Drugs causing thrombocytopenia

A

v => Plt: Penicillamine (RA tx)
^ destruction Plt: Heparin

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12
Q

Prehepatic jaundice Ix

A

^ bilirubin (isolated)

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13
Q

Prerenal AKI Ix

A

^ urea (isolated)
Nb also raised in Upper GI bleed

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14
Q

Intrahepatic jaundice Ix

A

^ bilirubin
^ AST/ALT

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15
Q

Posthepatic jaundice Ix

A

^ bilirubin
^ ALP

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16
Q

Drug toxicity: digoxin

A

confusion
nausea
arrhythmias

17
Q

Drug toxicity: lithium

A

early: tremor
intermediate: tiredness
late: coma, DI, RF, arrhythmias, coma, seizures

18
Q

Drug toxicity: phenytoin

A

gum hypertrophy
ataxia
nystagmus
peripheral neuropathy

19
Q

Drug toxicity: gentamycin

A

ototoxic
nephrotoxic

20
Q

Drug toxicity: vacomycin

A

ototoxic
nephrotoxic

21
Q

Mx bleeding for pt on warfarin

A

X warfarin
5-10 mg IV vit K
Prothrombin complex

22
Q

INR 5-8 no bleeding

A

Omit warfarin for 2 days
Then reduce dose

23
Q

INR >8 no bleeding

A

Omit warfarin
Give 5-10 mg PO vit K

24
Q

INR >4 active bleeding

A

Give 1-5mg IV vit K

PSA (3 decks)

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