C2.8 How Fast? How Furious? Flashcards
reaction (chemical)
A process through which chemicals change in some way to make new chemicals.
pressure
The force exerted per unit area (e.g. N/m2).
activation energy
The minimum energy that is needed to break the existing chemical bonds when two particles collide.
precipitate
A solid which forms from a liquid, often when two solutions are mixed.
Haber process
The industrial process used to convert hydrogen and nitrogen into ammonia.
endothermic reaction
A reaction that takes in energy.
concentration
The amount of a substance in a given volume of solution.
sensor
A device which detect one form of energy and turns it into electricity.
exothermic reaction
A reaction that gives out energy.
equilibrium
A balance point.
collision theory
The theory of chemical reactions that describes how particles must collide with enough energy to react.
enzyme
A biological catalyst.
fertiliser
Something which provides the essential minerals that plants need to grow (particularly nitrogen compounds).
rate of reaction
The speed at which a chemical reaction progresses; calculated as 1/(the time taken for the reaction to take place) or 1/(the time taken for a given amount of product to form).
catalyst
A substance which speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up.
calibrated
Set against a known scale.
dynamic equilibrium
The equilibrium point in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and backward reactions are the same, so the proportions of different substances remain constant.
catalytic converter
A device fitted to vehicle exhausts which uses a catalyst to convert dangerous exhaust gases into less harmful gases.
organic
To do with living processes.
surface area
The surface of a solid that is available for chemical reactions.
reversible
A chemical reaction that can be made to work in either direction.
