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Chemistry: C2 > C2.7 Electrolysis > Flashcards

C2.7 Electrolysis Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens when an ionic substance is melted or dissolved in water?

A

The ions are free to move about within the liquid or solution

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2
Q

What does passing an electric current through ionic substances that are molten do?

A

Breaks them down into elements

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3
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

The breaking down of substances into elements with electricity

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4
Q

What is the name of the substance broken down by electrolysis?

A

The electrolyte

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5
Q

During electrolysis, where do the positively charged ions move towards?

A

The negative electrode

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6
Q

During electrolysis, where do the negatively charged ions move towards?

A

The positive electrode

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7
Q

What is the name for the negative electrode?

A

The cathode

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8
Q

What is the name for the positive electrode?

A

The anode

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9
Q

What can electrolysis also be used to do?

A

Electroplate objects

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10
Q

What happens at the negative electrode?

A

Positively charged ions gain electrons (reduction)

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11
Q

What happens at the positive electrode?

A

Negatively charged ions lose electrons (oxidation)

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12
Q

If there is a mixture of ions, what does the products formed depend on?

A

The reactivity of the elements involved

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13
Q

What can reactions at electrodes be represented by?

A

Half equations
e.g. 2Cl- ===> Cl2 + 2e-
2Cl- - 2e- ===> Cl2

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14
Q

How is aluminium manufactured?

A

By the electrolysis of a molten mixture of aluminium oxide and cryolite

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15
Q

Where does aluminium and oxygen form?

A

At the negative electrode and oxygen at the positive electrode

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16
Q

What is the positive electrode made of during electrolysis of aluminium oxide and cryolite?

A

Carbon, it reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide

17
Q

What does the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution produce?

A

Hydrogen, chlorine and sodium hydroxide

18
Q

What can sodium hydroxide be used to make?

A

Soap

19
Q

What can chlorine be used to make?

A

Bleach and plastics

20
Q

Why is cryolite used?

A

To lower the temperature and therefore the costs

21
Q

What happens in electroplating?

A

The negative electrode is formed of the metal object you wish to plate and the positive electrode is the pure metal you want it to be plated with. The electrolyte also needs to contain ions of the plating metal

22
Q

What are the two main uses of electroplating?

A

Decoration (decorating cheaper metals with a coat of silver is much cheaper than using silver itself) and Conduction (plate metals with copper to conduct electricity)

23
Q

At the cathode, if metal ions and H+ ions are present , the metal ions will stay in solution if the metal is…

A

More reactive than hydrogen

24
Q

Hydrogen will be formed if the metal is…

A

More reactive than hydrogen

25
Q

At the anode, if OH- and halide ions are present then…

A

Molecules of chlorine, bromine and iodine will be formed

26
Q

If no halide is present then…

A

Oxygen will be formed

27
Q

What is the main aluminium ore?

A

Bauxite

28
Q

Oxidation is…

A

Loss

29
Q

Reduction is…

A

Gain

Chemistry: C2 (7 decks)

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