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Chemistry > C26 - Carbonyls and Carboxylic acids > Flashcards

C26 - Carbonyls and Carboxylic acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the carbonyl functional group and what compounds is it seen in?

A

C=O

Ketones, aldehydes and carboxylic acids

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2
Q

What reactants can be used in place of HCN, why would this be useful?

A

H2SO4 and NaCN (provides HCN in situ)

HCN is poisonous and gas slightly above room temperature (so difficult and dangerous to use)

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3
Q

Why is the reaction of carbonyls with HCN useful?

A

Increases length of the carbon chain

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4
Q

What reagent is used to detect C=O bonds (2 names) and what does a positive test look like?

A

2,4-DNP or Brady’s reagent

yellow or orange ppt formed

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5
Q

How can you distinguish between aldehydes and ketones?

A

Tollen’s reagent (silver nitrate and aq ammonia) acts as oxidising agent
Silver mirror formed (for aldehydes)
No reaction for ketones

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6
Q

After reacting a carbonyl with Brady’s reagent, how could you check whether it was a ketone or aldehyde?

A

Recystralise and purify ppt
Measure melting point
Compare to known values

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7
Q

What is the strength of carboxylic acids?

A

Weak acids

Partially dissociate in water

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8
Q

Carboxylic acid + metal –>

A

carboxylate salt + hydrogen

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9
Q

Carboxylic acid + metal oxide–>

A

carboxylate salt + water

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10
Q

Carboxylic acid + alkali–>

A

carboxylate salt + water

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11
Q

Carboxylic acid + carbonate –>

A

carboxylate salt + water + carbon dioxide

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12
Q

For an ester written in structural formula, which reactant is shown first?

A

Carboxylic acid section then alcohol section

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13
Q

For an ester, which order is the IUPAC name written?

A 
alcohol (eg. methyl)
carboxylic acid (eg. methanoate)
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14
Q

When forming an ester, the side product is water. Where do each of the atoms come from?

A

OH from alcohol

H from carboxylic acid

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15
Q

What is an acyl chloride?

A

Carboxylic acid but with Cl in place of OH
R-C=O
|
Cl

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16
Q

Why are acyl chlorides used in place of carboxylic acids?

A

Cl is a better leaving group than OH
Forming an ester with a carboxylic acid, the reaction is reversible, conditions = under reflux with H2SO4 catalyst. With acyl chloride, rtp no catalyst

17
Q

How do you form an acyl chloride?

A

Carboxylic acid + SOCl2 –> acyl chloride + SO2 +HCl

18
Q

Equation for hydrolysis of an ester in acid conditions

A

ester + H2O –(h+)–> carboxylic acid + alcohol

19
Q

Equation for hydrolysis of an ester in acid conditions. Name of type of reaction.

A

ester + OH- –> carboxylate ion + alcohol

Saponification

20
Q

What is an acid anhydride?

A

2 carboxylic acids that have reacted together (and released water)

Chemistry (17 decks)

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