C14 - Alcohols Flashcards
Define a primary alcohol
Molecule with an alcohol functional group bonded to a carbon bonded to one carbon and two hydrogen atoms
Define secondary alcohol
Molecule with an alcohol functional group bonded to a carbon bonded to two carbon and one hydrogen atom
Define Tertiary alcohol
Molecule with an alcohol functional group bonded to a carbon bonded to three carbons and no hydrogen atoms
What is the difference in boiling point for short chain alcohols and alkanes?
Alcohols are significantly higher
Can form H bonds
(Much stronger than London forces especially for short chains)
What is the difference in boiling point for long chain alcohols and alkanes?
London force configuration will be greater than hydrogen bond configuration
Very similar boiling points
Describe the trend in solubility of alcohols (from short chains to long chains)
Short- are soluble (can form H bonds with water)
Long - not soluble (strong London forces between chains so will not form H bonds as not advantageous)
Describe how you would oxidise a primary alcohol into a carboxylic acid
Heat under reflux with acidified potassium dichromate solution
What product would you get if you oxidised a primary alcohol and distilled it off immediately?
Aldehyde
What product would you get if you oxidised a primary alcohol under reflux?
Carboxylic acid
What product would you get if you oxidised a secondary alcohol under reflux?
Ketone
What product would you get if you oxidised a tertiary alcohol under reflux?
No reaction
What colour change would happen in oxidation reaction under reflux of a primary alcohol?
Orange to green
What is the elimination reaction of an alcohol?
Removal of h2o to form an alkene
What conditions do you need for the elimination of an alcohol?
High temp
H3po4 catalyst
Reflux
In an elimination reaction, the -OH group is removed as well as what other atom?
H, from THE NEXT CARBON (ie. not the oh group one)
