Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Additional Chemistry > C2.6 - Acids, Bases and Salts > Flashcards

C2.6 - Acids, Bases and Salts Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

The pH scale measures how acidic or alkaline a solution is. A low pH means that a solution is acidic. A high pH means that a solution is alkaline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What pH does pure water have?

A

Pure water has a pH of 7.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an acid?

A

An acid is a liquid that contains more Hydrogen ions (H+) than Hydroxide ions(-OH). It has a pH of less than 7.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an alkali?

A

An alkali is a liquid that contains more Hydroxide ions (-OH) than Hydrogen ions (H+). They are soluble bases. It has a pH of more than 7.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a base?

A

A base is a substance with a pH greater than 7.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the reaction between acids and bases called?

A

The reaction between acids and bases is called neutralisation. It occurs when the right amounts of acid and alkali cancel out to form a salt and water (which is neutral).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the equation for neutralisation?

A

Acid + Base -> Salt + Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does an indicator do?

A

An indicator can indicate that a neutralisation reaction is over – the colour it changes to is dependent on the pH of the substance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does (s) mean?

A

Solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does (l) mean?

A

Liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does (g) mean?

A

Gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does (aq) mean?

A

Dissolved in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do salts contain?

A

Salts contain a metal part and a non-metal part.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are insoluble salts?

A

Insoluble salts do not dissolve in water - they have the symbol (s).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are soluble salts?

A

Soluble salts dissolve in water - they have the symbol (aq).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the rules for naming salts?

A

The first part of the salt’s name is the metal.

The second part of the salt’s name depends on the acid used.

17
Q

What is the equation for an acid plus a metal?

A

Acid + Metal -> Salt + Hydrogen

18
Q

Acids will do what with hydrogen?

A

Acids will react with metals that are above hydrogen in the reactivity series.

19
Q

How can we know that a reaction between a metal and an acid is finished?

A

At some point, the acid has all reacted.

If we add more metal then it will not react.

This shows us that the reaction is finished.

20
Q

How do we get the salt from a metal + acid equation?

A

We have an unreactive metal left over from adding it to find out if the reaction finished.

We filter off the unreactive metal to leave a solution of the salt.

We evaporate the water to crystalise the salt.

21
Q

What metals cannot be made safely?

A

Reactive metals, such as sodium, cannot be made safely due to their violent reactions.

22
Q

Why can’t metals like gold react?

A

Other metals, such as gold, are too unreactive and will not react with acids.

23
Q

How can we know that a reaction between an acid and a base has finished?

A

Once the acid has all reacted, if we add more base then it will not react. Instead, it will simply sink. This shows us that the reaction is finished.

24
Q

How do we get the salt from an acid + base reaction?

A

We have to filter out the unreactive base.

We evaporate the water to crystalise the salt.

25
Q

What do we always make from an acid + alkali reaction?

A

We always make a soluble salt (salt + water).

26
Q

How can we know that a reaction between an acid and an alkali has finished?

A

We use a pH indicator to find the pH of the solution. When the pH is 7, the reaction has finished.

27
Q

Why can’t we filter the products of an acid and an alkali reaction?

A

We make a solution - we cannot filter it.

28
Q

How do we get the salt from an acid + alkali reaction?

A

Once the pH is neutral, we evaporate the water to crystalise the salt.

29
Q

Explain how ammonium nitrate is made.

A

Ammonia dissolves in water to make an alkaline solution.

To make it into a neutral salt, it reacts with nitric acid to produce ammonium nitrate. No water is produced.

The salt can be obtained from the solution by evaporation and crystallisation.

30
Q

Why is ammonium nitrate useful?

A

Ammonium nitrate is a good fertiliser because it has nitrogen from two sources - from ammonia and nitric acid.

Plants need nitrogen to produce amino acids.

31
Q

How do we make an insoluble salt?

A

If we want an insoluble salt, we can use a precipitation reaction.

32
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

A precipitate is a solid formed when two solutions are mixed together. We can separate this by filtration.

33
Q

How do we perform a precipitation reaction?

A

Find the two solutions that contain the ions required. (For lead chloride you need lead ions and chloride ions)

Mix these together.

Once completed, filter it from the solution, wash it, and dry it on filter paper. This is to remove any of the unwanted solution.

34
Q

How are precipitation reactions useful?

A

Precipitation reactions can be used to remove poisonous ions (lead) from drinking water.

The water is treated by adding substances that react with the pollutant metal ions dissolved in the water to make insoluble salts.

35
Q

What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

36
Q

What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?

A

H2SO4

37
Q

What is the chemical formula for nitric acid?

A

HN03

Additional Chemistry (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions