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Chemistry > C2.3 - Properties Of Materials > Flashcards

C2.3 - Properties Of Materials Flashcards

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1
Q

What group is carbon in?

A

Group 4

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2
Q

How many electrons does carbon have in its outer shell

A

4 electrons

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3
Q

How many covalent bonds can carbon form?

A

4

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4
Q

How does carbon form chains and rings?

A

By joining with other carbon atoms

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5
Q

How does carbon produce different compounds?

A

Carbon atoms in chains and rings can form covalent bonds with other elements, producing different compounds

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6
Q

What is an allotrope

A

Forms of an element in the same state but with different atomic arrangements

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7
Q

What are some allotropes of carbon

A

Diamond

Graphite

Graphene

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8
Q

How many covalent bonds does diamond have

A

Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 4 other carbon atoms

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9
Q

What are some properties of diamond?

A

High melting point

Hard

It is transparent

Does not conduct electricity

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10
Q

What are some uses of diamond?

A

Tips of dental drills

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11
Q

Can diamond conduct electricity

A

No

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12
Q

Why can’t diamond conduct electricity

A

All the outer electrons in its atoms are shared so It has no delocalised electrons

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13
Q

How many covalent bonds does each carbon atom form in graphite?

A

3

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14
Q

Can graphite conduct electricity

A

Yes

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15
Q

Why can graphite conduct electricity

A

It has one delocalised electron in the outer shell of each atom.

This electron is free to move throughout the structure so it can conduct electricity

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16
Q

What are some properties of graphite?

A

Giant covalent structure

Layered structure

Slippery

High melting point

17
Q

What shape do the atoms in each layer of graphite form

A

Interlocking hexagons

18
Q

What is graphene?

A

A carbon allotrope that resembles a single layer of graphite

19
Q

What are some properties of graphene

A

Almost transparent

Strong

Conducts electricity

20
Q

What can graphene be used to make

A

Flexible touch screens

21
Q

What are fullerenes

A

A family of carbon allotropes in which the molecules are shaped like tubes or balls

22
Q

What is a nanotube

A

A type of fullerene in which carbon atoms form a hollow tube

It resembles a sheet of graphene rolled into a tube

23
Q

Properties and uses of nanotubes

A

Strong

Used to reinforce sports equipment

24
Q

What is a buckyball

A

A type of fullerene

It is a hollow spherical molecule made from carbon atoms arranged in pentagons or hexagons

25
Q

What are uses of buckyballs

A

Lubricants

Might be able to deliver medicine to cells

26
Q

What does brittle mean

A

A substance that breaks when a force is applied

27
Q

Why are metals malleable?

A

Metal ions are held in a lattice by forces that attract them to delocalised electrons

When an external force is applied the layers of metal ions can over each other

Because the delocalised electrons are free to move, no bonds are broken

28
Q

Why are giant covalent structures brittle

A

If a large force is applied many covalent bonds break at once and the substance breaks

29
Q

Why are some materials soft and flexible

A

Because they have weak intermolecular forces are their particles are not arranged in a lattice

30
Q

What is a nanoparticle

A

It is a particle between 1nm and 100nm across and consists of only a few hundred atoms

31
Q

What is the size of one nanometer in standard form

A

1 x 10^-9

32
Q

What is a nanoparticulate

A

A material that is made from nanoparticles

33
Q

What are examples of materials in bulk

A

Grains

Lumps

Sheets

34
Q

What can nanoparticles be used for

A

New sunscreens

New cosmetics

New medicines

New paints

New catalysts to speed up industrial chemical reactions

Self cleaning clothes and windows

35
Q

What are risks of nanoparticles

A

They are soo small that they can be :

breathed in

Absorbed by the skin

Pass into cells

They could take a long time to break down once they are released into the environment

Toxic substances could stick to their surfaces

Chemistry (15 decks)

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