C2.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ion

A

An atom/s with a positive or negative charge as it’s gained or lost electrons

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2
Q

What kind of ions are metal ions

A

They lose electrons and become positive so they are cations, attracted to negative cathode

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3
Q

What is the charge of an element in group one or two

A

They are metals so lose electrons. Group one, loses 1 electron, group 2 loses two electrons

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4
Q

WHat is the charge of ions from group 6 and 7

A

They are non metals so gain electrons. The amount they gain is 8-group number. E.g. Oxygen group 6 gains 2 electrons as 8-6=2

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5
Q
Charge of the ions for these elements
NH4
K
Na
Ca
Mg
Cu
Fe
Al
A
1+
1+
1+
2+
2+
2+
2+
3+
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6
Q
Charges of these ions
Chloride
Bromide
Iodide
Hydroxide
Nitrate
Oxide
Carbonate
Sulphate
A
Cl-
Br-
I-
OH-
NO3(-)
O(2-)
CO3(2-)
SO4(2-)
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7
Q

Properties of ionic compounds

A

Conduct electricity when they’re molten or aqueous
Have high melting and boiling points
Very strong

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8
Q

What conditions are needed to conduct e,ectrixuty

A

Must be charged particles and they must be free to move

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9
Q

Why do ionic compounds only conduct when liquid

A

They have charged particles, the ions, but when solid they are locked into lactic structure so they can’t move. When they are molten or dissolved into an aqueous solution, the particles are free to move so they can conduct electricity

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10
Q

Soluble salts

A

All sodium, potassium and ammonium salts
All nitrates
Most chlorides
Most sulphates
Sodium, potassium and ammonium carbonates
Sodium, potassium and ammonium hydroxides

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11
Q

Which salts are insoluble

A

Silver chloride, lead chloride
Lead sulphate, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate
Most carbonates
Most hydroxides

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12
Q

What happens in a ppt reaction

A

Two aqueous solutions react to form an insoluble ppt in an aqueous solution

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13
Q

Why is barium sulphate used by hospitals

A

It is given to the patient as a barium meal. It is opaque in X-rays so shows up well. It is used to diagnose digestive problems as it builds up in places of abnormality so they can easily be located. Barium salts are toxic but barium sulphate can’t be dissolved so it’s safe to ingest as it can’t get into the blood

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14
Q
What colour do these ions burn
Sodium
Potassium
Copper
Calcium
A

Yellow
Lilac
Blue/green
Red

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15
Q

How can you test for chloride ions

A

Add few drops of nitric acid and mix, then add a few drops of silver nitrate, if chloride ions are present, a white ppt will form

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16
Q

How to identify sulphate ions

A

Few drops of HCl shaken then add few drops of barium chloride, if sulfate ions present, white ppt forms

17
Q

Test carbonate ions

A

Add any acid, collect gas and flow through lime water, if carbon dioxide detected, it’s a carbonate anion