C2.2-2.3 Bonding and properties of metals Flashcards
Compare a metal and non metals physical appearance? (metal)
Metal, shiny usually high melting and boiling point, solid at room temp, good conductors of electricity
Compare a metal and non metals physical appearance? (non metal)
Non metal, dull, usually low melting and boiling point, half are gas half are solid at room temp, poor conductors of electricity (they are insulators)
When metals react with oxygen, if they dissolve in water are they acidic or alkaline?
Alkaline
When non-metals react with oxygen, if they dissolve in water are they acidic or alkaline?
Acidic
What is an ion?
A charged particle formed when an atom or group of atoms lose or gain an electron
Metal atoms lose electrons to form….?
Positive ions
Non metals gain electrons to form….?
Negative ions
With ionic bonding are electrons transferred or shared?
transferred
What does ionic bonding involve?
Metal and non
With covalent bonding are electrons transferred or shared?
Shared
What does covalent bonding involve?
Two non metals
Explain covalent forces? inter-molecular and normal bonds
Weak intermolecular
Strong bonds
Do ionic bonds have strong or weak electrostatic forces?
Strong between oppositely charged ions
What is a giant covalent structure?
Consists of many non metal atoms joined by covalent bonds, arranged in a repeating regular pattern
What is an example of a giant covalent structure?
Diamond
What do amino acids join together to form?
Protein
All metals are solid at room temperature apart from?
Mercury
In reactions with non metals, do metal atoms gain or lose electrons?
Lose to form positive charged ions
Where do the electrons lost from a metal go?
Free to move through the structure of the metal, delocalised electrons
Do metal bonds have strong or weak electrostatic forces?
Strong
Why are elements placed in groups?
To show similar properties
What is an allotrope?
Different forms of an element in the same state but with different atomic arrangements
What are two examples of allotropes of carbon?
Diamond and graphite
Explain graphite?
Giant covalent structure, three bonds, one electron in outer-shell is delocalised, which are free to move through structure. Conducts electricity
What is graphene?
A single layer of graphite, extremely strong and conducts electricty
What is a fullerene?
Molecules are shaped like tubes or balls
What is a nanotube?
Resembles a sheet of graphene rolled into a tube
Properties of a nanotube?
Strong and used to reinforce sports equipment
What bonds are involved for metal and simple molecule? (different for both)
Metal - metallic - strong
Simple - inter molecular - weak
What bonds are involved for ionic and giant covalent? (different for both)
Ionic - ionic - strong
Giant - covalent - strong
What is it called when a substance changes directly from the solid to gas state?
Sublimation
What does brittle mean?
Substance cracks for breaks when an external force is appiled
What is a malleable substance?
Change shape without cracking or breaking
How does a substance conduct electricty?
If it has charged particles that are free to move
