C2.2

Question 1

What are the physical properties of metals?

Answer 1

Shiny
High melting and boiling points
Solid at room temperature
Malleable (bend without shattering)
Ductile (can be pulled into wires)
Good conductors

Question 2

What are the physical properties of non metals?

Answer 2

Dull
Low melting and boiling points
Solid / gas at room temperature
Brittle
Non-ductile
Poor conductors

Question 3

What are the chemical properties of metals?

Answer 3

Lose electrons to form positive ions
Metals do not react with each other (they form alloys)
Metal oxides produce alkaline solutions when dissolved in water

Question 4

What are the chemical properties of non-metals?

Answer 4

Gain electrons to from negative ions
React with each other to form compound
Non metal oxides produce acidic solutions when dissolved in water

Question 5

How is the election configuration linked to the periodic table?

Answer 5

The last number = group number (group 8 have a full outer shell)
Number of numbers = period number
Sum of numbers = atomic number

Question 6

What is an ionic compound?

Answer 6

When a metal reacts with a non metal the electrons are transferred from the metal to the non metal
Both achieve more stable electronic structures

Question 7

What is the structure of ionic compounds?

Answer 7

Arranged in a giant (repeated many times) ionic (contains ions) lattice (regular)
Ions are held together by ionic bonds

Question 8

What are ionic bonds?

Answer 8

Act in all directions to hold ions together
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 9

What are covalent bonds?

Answer 9

From between two non metals
Electrons are shared to complete outer shells

Question 10

What are molecules?

Answer 10

A particle in which non metal atoms are joined to each other by covalent bonds

Question 11

What is a simple molecule?

Answer 11

Only contains a few atoms

Question 12

What is the structure of covalent bonds?

Answer 12

Involve electrostatic forces of attraction but between the nucleus and shared electrons
Strong covalent bonds but weak intermolecular forces

Question 13

What are giant covalent structures?

Answer 13

Consists of many non metal atoms joined by covalent bonds arranged in a repeating regular pattern

Question 14

What are polymers?

Answer 14

Made from smaller molecules called monomers which join end to end to form polymers
Have weak intermolecular forces

Question 15

What is the structure of metals?

Answer 15

Atoms are packed together in a regular arrangement
Form a giant metallic lattice

Question 16

What are metallic bonds like?

Answer 16

Have a sea of delocalised electrons as the electrons leave the outer shell
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between delocalised electrons and positive ions

Question 17

Who is Mendeleev and what did he do?

Answer 17

Organised the elements into the periodic table by considering:
- the atomic weights
- chemical reactions of different elements
- physical properties of atoms
Also left spaces for undiscovered elements which he predicted the properties

Question 18

Why was group 0 formed?

Answer 18

Later argon and helium were discovered and were very inert
They needed to placed so the noble gases were formed