C2.1 Structure and bonding

Question 1

What does chemical bonding involve?

Answer 1

either transferring or sharing electrons in the highest occupied energy levels (shells) of atoms in order to achieve the electronic structure of a nobel gas

Question 2

What is the electronic structure of a nobel gas?

Answer 2

Full outer shell

Question 3

What is formed when atoms form chemical bonds by transferring electrons?

Answer 3

ions

Question 4

What happens when an atom loses an electron

Answer 4

It becomes a positively charged ion

Question 5

What happens when an atom gains an electron?

Answer 5

It becomes a negatively charged ion

Question 6

Where do you find the alkali metals in the periodic table?

Answer 6

group 1

Question 7

What do the alkali metals react with and what do they form?

Answer 7

react with non metal elements to form ionic compounds in which the halide ions have a single negative charge

Question 8

What is a compound?

Answer 8

A substance in which atoms of 2 or more elements are chemically combined

Question 9

What is an ionic compound?

Answer 9

a giant structure of ions.

Question 10

What are ionic compounds held together by?

Answer 10

strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions. These forces act is all directions in the lattice

Question 11

Name some simple covalent molecules

Answer 11

H2, CH4 (methane) , Cl2 02 NH3 (ammonia)

Question 12

What is another word for a giant covalent structure?

Answer 12

macromolecule

Question 13

Name 2 macromolecules

Answer 13

diamond

silicon dioxide

Question 14

What do metals consist of?

Answer 14

giant structures of atoms arranged in a regular pattern

Question 15

Describe the ions, bonding and structure in a metal

Answer 15

electrons in outer shell of atoms are delocalised and so free to move through the whole structure. These electrons hold the now positive ions together in a regular structure as there are strong forces of electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and negative electrons.

Question 16

In an electron, the particles with a negative charge are called…

Answer 16

electrons

Question 17

In an electron, the particles with a negative charge are called…

Answer 17

electrons

Question 18

Describe 2 ways in which isotopes are similar

Answer 18

same number of protons

same number of electrons

Question 19

What are ions?

Answer 19

atoms which have lost or gained electrons

Question 20

Why are metals good conductors of electricity?

Answer 20

electrons in the outer shell are delocalised

these electrons are free to move around the metal

and they can carry a current

Question 21

Describe what happens when sodium atoms react with iodide atoms

Answer 21

Sodium atom loses 1 electron and the iodide atom gains 1 electron

Electrostatic attraction due to opposite charges

Question 22

what is a covalent bond?

Answer 22

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons

and forms a molecule

Question 23

Why can ionic compounds when molten or dissolved carry electricity, but molecular compounds can not, even when liquid?

Answer 23

as in ionic compounds ions are charged and are free to move

but in molecular compounds, molecules do not carry a charge

Question 24

calcium hydroxide has the formula Ca(OH)2

why are there 2 hydroxide ions for each calcium ion in the formula?

Answer 24

because calcium is +2 and hydroxide is -1

In order to make the compound neutral in terms of charge