C2.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table

Question 1

What is the periodic table?

Answer 1

A chart in which the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number

Question 2

Who came up with the periodic table?

Answer 2

Dmitry Mendeleev

Question 3

What are atoms?

Answer 3

The smallest particles of an element that can take part in chemical reactions

Question 4

What three types of subatomic particles are atoms made up of?

Answer 4

Protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 5

What particles are in the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 5

Protons and neutrons

Question 6

How are electrons arranged around the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 6

They are arranged in shells or energy levels

Question 7

What is relative mass?

Answer 7

The mass of a particle in relation to a proton

Question 8

What is relative charge?

Answer 8

The charge of a particle in relation to the charge of a proton

Question 9

What is the relative mass of a proton, neutron and electron?

Answer 9

Proton: 1
Neutron: 1
Electron: 1/1840

Question 10

What are the relative charges of a proton, neutron and electron?

Answer 10

Proton: +1
Neutron: 0
Electron: -1

Question 11

What is the atomic number of an element?

Answer 11

The number of protons it has

Question 12

What is the mass number of an element?

Answer 12

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 13

In full chemical symbols where are the mass and atomic numbers written?

Answer 13

The mass number is written at the top and the atomic number is written at the bottom

Question 14

What is relative atomic mass?

Answer 14

The mass of an atom compared to an atom of carbon 12

Question 15

What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?

Answer 15

Periods

Question 16

What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?

Answer 16

Groups

Question 17

What do elements in the same group have in common?

Answer 17

They have similar properties

Question 18

What are isotopes?

Answer 18

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons

Question 19

What does the presence of isotopes mean for some relative atomic masses?

Answer 19

They aren’t whole numbers

Question 20

What is the relative abundance of an isotope?

Answer 20

It is the percentage of that isotope on Earth in relation to the total amount of atoms from that element on Earth

Question 21

What is electronic configuration?

Answer 21

The way in which electrons are arranged in an atom

Question 22

How many electrons can fit in the first electron shell?

Answer 22

2

Question 23

How many electrons can the second and third shell hold?

Answer 23

8, although the third can hold more

Question 24

What is special about the electron configuration of group 0 elements?

Answer 24

They have full outer shells

Question 25

How can the electron configuration for sodium, which has 11 electrons, be written out?

Answer 25

2.8.1

Question 26

How can you find out how many occupied shells an element has using the periodic table?

Answer 26

You can see what period it is in, as the number of occupied shells and the period number are the same

Question 27

How can you find out the number of an element’s outer electrons using the periodic table?

Answer 27

You can see what group it’s in, as the number of outer electrons is the same as the group number