C2.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table Flashcards
What is the periodic table?
A chart in which the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number
Who came up with the periodic table?
Dmitry Mendeleev
What are atoms?
The smallest particles of an element that can take part in chemical reactions
What three types of subatomic particles are atoms made up of?
Protons, neutrons and electrons
What particles are in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
How are electrons arranged around the nucleus of an atom?
They are arranged in shells or energy levels
What is relative mass?
The mass of a particle in relation to a proton
What is relative charge?
The charge of a particle in relation to the charge of a proton
What is the relative mass of a proton, neutron and electron?
Proton: 1
Neutron: 1
Electron: 1/1840
What are the relative charges of a proton, neutron and electron?
Proton: +1
Neutron: 0
Electron: -1
What is the atomic number of an element?
The number of protons it has
What is the mass number of an element?
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
In full chemical symbols where are the mass and atomic numbers written?
The mass number is written at the top and the atomic number is written at the bottom
What is relative atomic mass?
The mass of an atom compared to an atom of carbon 12
What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?
Periods
What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?
Groups
What do elements in the same group have in common?
They have similar properties
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons
What does the presence of isotopes mean for some relative atomic masses?
They aren’t whole numbers
What is the relative abundance of an isotope?
It is the percentage of that isotope on Earth in relation to the total amount of atoms from that element on Earth
What is electronic configuration?
The way in which electrons are arranged in an atom
How many electrons can fit in the first electron shell?
2
How many electrons can the second and third shell hold?
8, although the third can hold more
What is special about the electron configuration of group 0 elements?
They have full outer shells
How can the electron configuration for sodium, which has 11 electrons, be written out?
2.8.1
How can you find out how many occupied shells an element has using the periodic table?
You can see what period it is in, as the number of occupied shells and the period number are the same
How can you find out the number of an element’s outer electrons using the periodic table?
You can see what group it’s in, as the number of outer electrons is the same as the group number
