C2 use of polymorphisms in mapping Flashcards

1
Q

what is linkage a measure of

A

how far apart genes are from each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is linkage

A

how likely a meiotic recombination event is between 2 loci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what did RFLPs, DNA seq, gel electrophoresis/southern blotting, PCR allow

A

polymorphisms without corresponding traits/phenotypes to be used as genetic markers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

are the alleles of 2 microsatellite loci always inherited together, mostly together, or 50/50 chance
what does this indicate

A

complete linkage
partial linkage
no linkage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is partial linkage

A

meiotic recombination (croos-over) between M1 and M2
frequency of recombinants proportional to physical distance apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is partial linkage

A

meiotic recombination (cross-over) between M1 and M2
frequency of recombinants proportional to physical distance apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is no linkage (unlinked)

A

independently segregating, inheritance of one allele at one locus has no influence on an allele at other locus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

in terms of linkage what does phase mean

A

on the same chr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

in terms of linkage what does haplotype mean

A

order of in-phase alleles along chr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are linkage maps based on

A

frequency of marker separation during meiosis through generations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the engine of the linkage map study

A

meiotic recombination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

units of linkage measurement

A

human genome - cM (centimorgan)
1cM= recombination fraction of 1/100 meioses
(physcially eqvn to between 0.7 and 1 Mb of DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what human disorders were located by linkage

A

cystic fibrosis
huntingtons
breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

genetic map problems for disease gene identification and human genome seq

A

-genetic mapping is a mathematical exercise
-only provides a rough idea of where markers are and where disease gene is located

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how do you collate, organise and distribute huge quantities of DNA to make a physical map

A

-a library
(storage/duplication/distribution)
-a database
(relationships)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why do we need to clone DNA into genomic libraries

A

a whole genome is too big and complex- limited in quantity
libraries offer infinite ‘photocopies’ (clones) of any bit of the genome

16
Q

how is DNA cloned into library

A

DNA strands chopped up and stored to make a genomic DNA library

17
Q

what do natural bacteria sometimes carry on plasmids/episomes

A

genetic material

18
Q

molecular biologists can engineer the plasmids to do what

A

carry bits of foreign DNA of interest

19
Q

what happens to the engineered bacteria and why do scientists need them

A

bacteria become photocopies; producing infinite quantities of identical (cloned) copies of that DNA
needed for analysis

20
Q

what is the restriction enzyme used to cut DNA at specific seq in genetic engineering

21
Q

in genetic engineering what is the specific sequence that DNA is cut at

22
Q

after DNA is cut in genetic engineering what happens

A

the cut ends have overhangs which allows them to reform in the presence of ligase

23
Q

5 stages of making a DNA clone library summary

A
  1. human genomic DNA broken down
  2. fragments placed in vector
  3. stored in bacteria or yeast as a clone library (BACs, YACs)
  4. single bacterium with one BAC in it will grow into a clonal pop/colony
  5. (libraries can be made from mRNA in tissue, convert to cDNA)
24
what is used as probes for FISH and what does it tell is
BAC/YAC clones where they are located on which chr
25
what is the term given to clones that overlap
chr walking
26
what is a contig
a virtual stretch of genomic DNA made up from the analysis of multiple overlapping DNA clones contiguous
27
eventually the complete genome can be reconstructed in what
clones
28
now have access to the precise chromosomal DNA that...
-contains a gene associated with a particular genetic disorder -is a convenient unit of the human genome that can be sequenced