C2- The Periodic Table

Question 1

How is the periodic table arranged?

Answer 1

The elements in the periodic table are arranged in order of atomic (proton) number and so that elements with similar properties are in columns, known as groups.

Question 2

Why is it called the periodic table?

Answer 2

The table is called a periodic table because similar properties occur at regular intervals.

Question 3

What can you say about the groups in the periodic table?

Answer 3

Elements in the same group in the periodic table have the same number of electrons in their outer shell (outer electrons) and this gives them similar chemical properties.

Question 4

How were elements first arranged?

Answer 4

Before the discovery of protons, neutrons and electrons, scientists attempted to classify the elements by arranging them in order of their atomic weights.

Question 5

How did Mendeleev change the early periodic table?

Answer 5

Mendeleev overcame some of the problems by leaving gaps for elements that he thought had not been discovered and in some places changed the order based on atomic weights.

Question 6

How has the periodic table changed since Mendeleev?

Answer 6

Elements with properties predicted by Mendeleev were discovered and filled the gaps. Knowledge of isotopes made it possible to explain why the order based on atomic weights was not always correct.

Question 7

What is a metal?

Answer 7

Elements that react to form positive ions are metals.

Question 8

What is a non-metal?

Answer 8

Elements that do not form positive ions are non-metals.

Question 9

Where in the periodic table are metals and non-metals found?

Answer 9

Metals are found to the left and towards the bottom of the periodic table. Non-metals are found towards the right and top of the periodic table.

Question 10

What is group 0 also known as?

Answer 10

The elements in Group 0 of the periodic table are called the noble gases.

Question 11

What properties do noble gases have and why?

Answer 11

They are unreactive and do not easily form molecules because their atoms have stable arrangements of electrons. The noble gases have eight electrons in their outer shell, except for helium, which has only two electrons.

Question 12

What is the trend of boiling points in group 0?

Answer 12

The boiling points of the noble gases increase with increasing relative atomic mass (going down the group).

Question 13

What is group 1 also known as?

Answer 13

The elements in Group 1 of the periodic table are known as the alkali metals.

Question 14

What elements/compounds do Group 1 metals react with?

Answer 14

Oxygen, Chlorine & Water.

Question 15

What happens when group one metals are added to water?

Answer 15

They produce hydrogen and a soluble alkali.

Question 16

What is the pattern of reactivity of group 1 metals?

Answer 16

In Group 1, the reactivity of the elements increases going down the group.

Question 17

What is group 7 also known as?

Answer 17

The elements in Group 7 of the periodic table are known as the halogens.

Question 18

What are the four main facts about the halogens?

Answer 18

1. The elements in Group 7 have similar reactions because they all have seven electrons in their outer shell.
2. The halogens are non-metals
3. The halogens consist of molecules made of pairs of atoms.
4. A more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its salt.

Question 19

What is the trend as you move down group 7?

Answer 19

The further down the group an element is the higher its

relative molecular mass, melting point and boiling point.

Question 20

What is the pattern of reactivity of group 7 metals?

Answer 20

The reactivity of the elements decreases going down the

group.

Question 21

What are the transition elements?

Answer 21

The transition elements are metals with similar properties which are different from those of the elements in Group 1.

Question 22

Name 5 transition elements.

Names and symbols

Answer 22

Manganese, Mn, 
Iron, Fe, 
Cobalt, Co, 
Nickle, Ni, 
Copper, Cu.

Question 23

Name 3 properties of the transition metals.

Answer 23

1. Have ions with different charges,
2. Form coloured compounds
3. Are useful as catalysts.