C2: The Periodic Table Flashcards
What are the rows in the Periodic Table
Those are periods.
What are the columns
Groups.
What does the group number mean
It equals the amount of electrons in the outer shell
Who was the first chemist to discover the Periodic Table
John Newlands
How did John order it
He ordered it by atomic mass, but it was incorrect as elements were placed in innappropriate groups
Who improved Newland’s table and how
Dmriti Mendeleev. He added gaps for undiscovered elements along with saying there might be undiscovered elements.
Why was Mendeleev proven correct?
He predicted the properties and masses of the undiscovered elements. He ordered elements via relative mass due to discovery of protons and isotopes
What are some properties of metals
- High melting points
- High boiling points
- Good conductors of heat and electricity
What are some properties of non metals
- Low melting points
- Low boiling points
- Good insulators of heat and electricity
What are the Alkali Metals
They are found in Group 1 on the left side of the table and are metals. They are very reactive. Their outer shell has 1 electron in it, which is usually given away as chemical reactions. As we go down the group, the reactivity increases. They must not react with water. They have high melting and boiling points and high densities.
What is the electronic structure for lithium
It has a 2,1 structure.
Its the least reactive
It floats on the surface of water and releases hydrogen gas bubbles.
It burns with a crimson flame, when contacted with oxygen
What is the electronic structure for sodium
Has an extra shell added, 2,8,1. Its more reactive than lithium and a much more greater distance from the positive charge of the nucleus. Its outer electron is strongly attracted to the positively charged nucleus. It floats on the surface of water releasing enough heat to melt sodium. It moves quicker on water surface, and emits a yellowish orange flame when contacting with oxygen
What is the electronic structure for potassium
It has an extra shell added, 2,8,8,1. Its more reactive than sodium and lithium and its outer electron is least strongly attracted to the nucleus. It floats on water, but is more vigorous. It also burns with a lilac flame when combined with oxygen.
What happens when metals react with water
It creates hydroxide.
What are the Noble Gases
Noble Gases are found in Group 0, and have similar properties eg: colourless. They are the most unreactive and are found on the right side of the Periodic Table. They already have a full outer shell, except helium. Every other element but helium does not need to gain or lose electrons. They also exist as single atoms, meaning they are monotomic. They have low melting and boiling points, low densities, inert, exist as single atoms and are colourless.
What are the Halogens
Halogens are in Group 7 and have 7 electrons in their outershell. They are very reactive and are also diatomic, meaning they share electrons to make diatomic molecules. As we go down the group, the reactivity decreases. They are all colourless.
What is formed when a metal atom shares electrons with a non metal atom
Salts
What are the Transition Metals
They are found in the middle of the table, and are much stronger and harder than alkali metals. They also have high melting points and are useful for cooking. They have high densities and more mass for volume than alkalis. They are also less reactive than alkalis and can form ions with different positive charges. They also form different colour compounds
Which word describes existing as single atoms
Monotomic
What is a displacement reaction
When a less reactive halogen is displaced by a more reactive halogen from a compound
Which word describes consisting of two atoms combined
Diatomic
What are some separation techniques
Simple distillation
Fractional distillation
Paper chromatography
Crystallisation
Filtration
What is simple distillation
Separating a solvent (liquid) from a solution
How does simple distillation work
Because the dissolved solute has a much higher boiling point than the solvent. When we heat a solution, solvent vapour leaves the solution. It moves away and is then cooled and condensed. The remaining solution becomes more condensed and the amount of solvent is then decreased
